NEESR: Tsunami Run-up and Withdrawal Dynamics on a Sloping Beach with Discontinuous Macro-Roughness

海啸是对沿海社区的主要自然威胁，2011年日本、2010年智利和2004年印度洋海啸等事件对沿海基础设施造成了广泛的破坏。然而，这些事件也揭示了红树林和其他植被在可持续缓解海啸灾害方面的作用。这项研究的首要目标是对沿海森林地区的海啸淹没情况有一个定量的了解。本计画结合详细的流体动力学模拟与物理实验，研究在海岸森林不连续的情况下，海啸淹没的情形。这项研究的变革性在于研究多尺度过程对大规模海啸淹没动力学的影响，这与改善海啸减灾和备灾有关。实验室实验将被用来研究淹没在不连续的森林，代表圆柱阵列的圆形补丁。测量将被用来量化平均流量和湍流统计，空间流场之间的两个森林补丁，助跑速度，和大规模的流动结构在撤退。数值分析将与实验活动结合起来，以扩大分析参数集，并评估森林特征随时间变化的影响。来自弗吉尼亚理工大学的研究小组将使用乔治E。小布朗俄勒冈州州立大学的地震工程模拟网络（NEES）海啸实验室设施。该项目的数据将通过NEES项目仓库/数据库（http：//www.example.com）存档并向公众提供。该奖项的研究将导致更好地量化海啸灾害的减少或放大，作为沿海森林密度和布局，地形坡度和海啸波形的函数。www.nees.org此外，这项研究将导致更好地量化海啸淹没的区域尺度数值模型中沿海森林的影响。这两个结果都将使人们能够更准确地预测海啸淹没以及由此产生的对住宅、商业建筑和其他陆上基础设施的水作用力。最终，这些进步将导致更有效的疏散计划，更有弹性的建筑和基础设施设计，以及更有效的保护性可持续森林功能设计。这些措施将有助于减少海啸死亡率、社区流离失所和经济损失。更广泛的科学影响是研究成果对其他沿海问题的适用性，如海啸波在珊瑚礁上的传播和风暴潮通过湿地，红树林和高地森林的传播。该奖项是国家减少地震灾害计划（NEHRP）的一部分。

Tsunamis are a leading natural threat to coastal communities, and events such as the 2011 Japan, 2010 Chile, and 2004 Indian Ocean tsunamis caused widespread, crippling damages to coastal infrastructure. Yet, these events also revealed the role of mangroves and other vegetation as sustainable mitigation against tsunami hazard. The overarching goal of this research is to develop a quantitative understanding of tsunami inundation in regions with coastal forests. This project combines detailed fluid dynamics modeling with physical experiments to study tsunami inundation in the presence of discontinuous coastal forest. The transformative nature of this research lies in studying the effects of multi-scale processes on the large-scale tsunami inundation dynamics relevant for improving tsunami mitigation and preparedness. Laboratory experiments will be used to study inundation in discontinuous forest, represented by circular patches of cylinder arrays. Measurements will be used to quantify mean flow and turbulence statistics, the spatial flow field between two forest patches, runup speed, and large-scale flow structures during withdrawal. Numerical analysis will be integrated with the experimental campaign to expand the parameter set for analysis and to assess the impact of temporal changes in forest characteristics. The research team from Virginia Tech will use the George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) tsunami laboratory facility at Oregon State University. Data from this project will be archived and made available to the public through the NEES Project Warehouse/data repository (http://www.nees.org).Research from this award will lead to better quantification of tsunami hazard reduction, or amplification, as a function of coastal forest density and layout, topographic slope, and tsunami wave form. Additionally, this research will lead to better quantification of the impact of coastal forests in regional-scale numerical models for tsunami inundation. Both of these outcomes will enable more accurate prediction of tsunami inundation and the resulting water force on homes, commercial buildings, and other infrastructure onshore. Ultimately, these advances will lead to more effective evacuation plans, more resilient building and infrastructure design, and more effective design of protective, sustainable forest features. These measures will help to reduce tsunami mortality, community displacement, and economic losses. The broader scientific impacts are in the applicability of the research outcomes to other coastal problems like tsunami wave propagation over coral reefs and storm surge propagation through wetlands, mangroves, and upland forests. This award is part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP).