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DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Adaptive divergence in Anopheles gambiae (with gene flow): facilitation via chromosomal inversions

论文研究：冈比亚按蚊的适应性分化（基因流）：通过染色体倒位促进

基本信息

批准号：
1210359
负责人：
L. Lacey Knowles
金额：
$ 1.5万
依托单位：
Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-06-01 至 2015-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1210359&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
DISSERTATION RESEARCH Adaptive divergence Anopheles

项目摘要

Climate change and human disturbance increase the threats posed by disease vectors. Therefore, understanding mechanisms enabling their rapid adaptation is of central importance. This study focuses on whether a specific chromosomal structural change (i.e., chromosomal inversions) facilitates adaptive divergence of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae, the most severe malaria vector in sub-Sahara Africa. Such chromosomal structural changes may promote local adaptation because they buffer populations from the mixing effects of migrants from different habitats. This study will test this hypothesis empirically using a framework that will provide detailed demographic, geographic, and temporal information relevant to testing mechanisms of rapid adaptation. The study will also provide insights into the current debate regarding the source of adaptation: rapid adaptation facilitated by new inversion mutations or pre-existing genetic variation. The results will be directly relevant to informing pest control agencies of which demographic or genetic factors will be the best target to impede rapid adaptation in mosquitoes. For example, it can provide critical information on whether genetically modified mosquitoes can compete with native populations and survive in the local environment. The work will foster academic communications between US and Cameroonian researchers and students, and promote the education of local communities in malaria preventions.

气候变化和人类干扰增加了疾病媒介造成的威胁。因此，了解使其快速适应的机制至关重要。这项研究的重点是特定的染色体结构变化（即染色体倒位）是否促进冈比亚按蚊（撒哈拉以南非洲最严重的疟疾传播媒介）的适应性分化。这种染色体结构的变化可能会促进当地的适应，因为它们缓冲了种群免受来自不同栖息地的移民的混合影响。本研究将使用一个框架来实证检验这一假设，该框架将提供与快速适应测试机制相关的详细人口、地理和时间信息。该研究还将为当前有关适应来源的争论提供见解：新的倒置突变或预先存在的遗传变异促进了快速适应。研究结果将直接关系到告知害虫防治机构哪些人口或遗传因素将是阻碍蚊子快速适应的最佳目标。例如，它可以提供有关转基因蚊子是否能够与本地种群竞争并在当地环境中生存的关键信息。这项工作将促进美国和喀麦隆研究人员和学生之间的学术交流，并促进当地社区的疟疾预防教育。