DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Phenological shifts and species interactions: Disentangling the role of timing and synchrony

论文研究：物候变化和物种相互作用：理清时间和同步的作用

• 批准号: 1210867
• 负责人: Volker Rudolf
• 金额: $ 1.49万
• 依托单位: William Marsh Rice University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-01 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1210867&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Phenological; shifts; species

Seasonal weather changes determine the timing of many life-history events, including bird migration, plant flowering, and frog breeding. However, the specific set of weather cues that signal these events differs among species; some species may respond to temperature, others to rainfall. Therefore, year-to-year differences in weather can result in different responses among species, which can alter the timing of when species arrive or become active in a given area and which other species they may encounter. This could affect the outcome of species interactions, such competition or predation. The investigators of this project will experimentally manipulate colonization patterns of newly-hatched insects and amphibians in ponds. Specifically, they will vary arrival synchrony of individuals within a species as well as arrival time of species relative to one another. The goal is to determine how differences in arrival time and synchrony affect growth rates and survival of interacting species. Understanding how seasonal variation impacts species interactions is crucial because global climate change is altering the annual activities of species throughout the world. Although many studies have documented such "phenological shifts," the consequences for species interactions -- and ultimately the biodiversity and functioning of ecosystems -- remain poorly known. To help complete this project, the investigators will hire and mentor an undergraduate student, who will be recruited from the Rice NSF AGEP program (a program that seeks to increase underrepresented groups in science). Also, the investigators are organizing a citizen scientist project to monitor the phenologies of local plants and animals, with the goal of training community members to generate data for a National Phenology Network program, called Nature's Notebook. Data contributed to this program are used by scientists, educators, policy-makers, and resource managers to understand the effects of climate change and other environmental changes.

季节性的天气变化决定了许多生命史事件的发生时间，包括鸟类迁徙、植物开花和青蛙繁殖。 然而，发出这些事件信号的特定天气线索在物种之间是不同的;一些物种可能对温度做出反应，另一些则对降雨做出反应。 因此，每年的天气差异可能导致物种之间的不同反应，这可能会改变物种到达或在特定区域变得活跃的时间以及它们可能遇到的其他物种。 这可能会影响物种相互作用的结果，如竞争或捕食。 该项目的研究人员将实验性地操纵池塘中新孵化的昆虫和两栖动物的定殖模式。 具体来说，它们将改变物种内个体的到达同步性以及物种相对于彼此的到达时间。 目的是确定到达时间和同步性的差异如何影响相互作用物种的生长速率和生存。 了解季节变化如何影响物种间的相互作用至关重要，因为全球气候变化正在改变世界各地物种的年度活动。 尽管许多研究已经记录了这种“物候变化”，但对物种相互作用的后果-以及最终对生态系统的生物多样性和功能-仍然知之甚少。 为了帮助完成这个项目，研究人员将雇用和指导一名本科生，他将从赖斯NSF AGEP计划（一个旨在增加科学中代表性不足的群体的计划）中招募。 此外，调查人员正在组织一个公民科学家项目，以监测当地植物和动物的物候，目标是培训社区成员为国家物候网络计划生成数据，称为自然笔记本。 科学家、教育工作者、政策制定者和资源管理者使用该计划提供的数据来了解气候变化和其他环境变化的影响。