Chapman Conference on Volcanism and the Atmosphere; Selfoss, Iceland; June 11-15, 2012

查普曼火山与大气会议；

• 批准号: 1213114
• 负责人: Brenda Weaver
• 金额: $ 4万
• 依托单位: American Geophysical Union
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-05-01 至 2013-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1213114&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Chapman; Conference; Volcanism; Atmosphere; Selfoss

This award is towards support of a Chapman Conference on Volcanism and the Atmosphere, to be held June 11-15, 2012 at Selfoss Iceland. It is now well-established that volcanic eruptions can have a significant effect on the Earth's atmosphere and global and regional climate. Larger eruptions in the distant past may have caused major changes in global and regional climate, and possibly changes in human populations. In order to detect modern anthropogenic influences on climate, including effects of greenhouse gases, aerosols, and ozone-depleting chemicals, and to evaluate proposals for stratospheric geoengineering, it is crucial to quantify natural fluctuations such as volcanic eruptions so as to separate them from other natural and anthropogenic factors in the climate record. Since the Chapman Conference on Volcanism and the Earth's Atmosphere a decade or so ago, there have been advances in our understanding of volcanism and its effects on the atmosphere. The vulnerability of the aviation industry to volcanic eruptions has also received attention in recent years. The conference will bring together experts to examine issues such as mechanisms of super-eruptions and climatic effects as evidenced in model simulations; high-resolution Holocene records of explosive eruptions; volcanism in the last millennium; improved proxy records such as ice-cores; climatic response to high-latitude eruptions; geoengineering using stratospheric aerosols and volcanic eruptions and aviation. A review article will be written for dissemination to a wider audience.

该奖项是为了支持将于2012年6月11日至15日在冰岛塞尔福斯举行的火山与大气查普曼会议。火山爆发可以对地球大气以及全球和区域气候产生重大影响，这一点现在已经得到证实。在遥远的过去，较大的火山爆发可能导致全球和区域气候发生重大变化，并可能导致人类数量的变化。为了探测现代人类对气候的影响，包括温室气体、气溶胶和消耗臭氧的化学品的影响，并评估平流层地球工程的建议，必须量化火山爆发等自然波动，以便将其与气候记录中的其他自然和人为因素区分开来。自从大约十年前的查普曼火山作用与地球大气会议以来，我们对火山作用及其对大气的影响的理解取得了进展。近年来，航空业对火山爆发的脆弱性也受到了关注。这次会议将汇集专家来研究超级火山爆发的机制和气候影响等问题，这些问题已在模型模拟中得到证实；全新世爆发的高分辨率记录；上一千年的火山活动；改进的代理记录，如冰芯；高纬度火山喷发的气候响应；利用平流层气溶胶、火山喷发和航空的地球工程。将撰写一篇评论文章，以便向更广泛的读者传播。