CSR: Small: Collaborative Research: Per-Process Energy Accounting in Mobile Systems

这个项目旨在解决操作系统研究中一个长期存在的难题：当多个进程处于活动状态时，如何确定一个进程对系统能耗的贡献。对于电池供电和热量受限的移动和嵌入式系统来说，能源是一种重要的系统资源。每个进程的能源核算对于软件评估和优化以及系统能源管理和安全都很重要。这个项目用两种新颖的方法解决了这个难题。首先，它利用现代移动系统中可用的智能电池接口和统计学习来估计极短时间间隔的系统能耗。其次，该项目利用和扩展了多人博弈理论中的技术，特别是Shapley值，将系统的能量消耗分配到并发运行的进程。该项目的目标有三个：(1)系统和算法解决方案，在没有任何外部帮助的情况下，在很短的时间间隔内实现高精度的系统能量估计；(2)基于Shapley值的扩展多人博弈理论，将系统能量消耗分配给不完全测量的运行进程；(3)基于每进程能量核算的基于效用的系统能量管理。该项目的成果不仅适用于移动系统，也适用于服务器和数据中心。通过将统计学习和博弈论应用于系统研究，该项目产生了新颖的跨学科课程模块，用于教授这些理论和操作系统。该项目还为移动系统中的能源建模和优化生成开源工具和数据集。

This project targets at solving a longstanding, hard problem in operating system research: how to determine the contribution by a process to the system energy consumption when multiple processes are active. Energy is an important system resource for mobile and embedded systems that are battery-powered and thermally constrained. Per-process energy accounting is important for software evaluation and optimization as well as system energy management and security. This project tackles this hard problem with two novel methodologies. First, it leverages the smart battery interface available in modern mobile systems and statistical learning to estimate system energy consumption for very short time intervals. Second, the project exploits and extends technologies from multi-player game theory, in particular, Shapley value, to distribute the system energy consumption to concurrently running processes. The project targets three novel contributions: (1) system and algorithmic solutions to achieve high accuracy in system energy estimation for very short time intervals without any external assistance; (2) extended multi-player game theory based on Shapley value to distribute system energy consumption to running processes with incomplete measurement; and (3) utility-based system energy management based on per-process energy accounting. Results from this project apply to not only mobile systems but also servers and data centers. By applying statistical learning and game theory to systems research, the project produces novel, interdisciplinary curriculum modules for teaching both these theories and operating systems. The project also generates open-source tools and data sets for energy modeling and optimization in mobile systems.