Diversity in fossil decapod Crustacea based upon a unique species-level database

基于独特的物种级数据库的十足目甲壳类化石多样性

• 批准号: 1223206
• 负责人: Carrie Schweitzer
• 金额: $ 10万
• 依托单位: Kent State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1223206&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Diversity; fossil; decapod; Crustacea; based

Diversity in Fossil Decapod Crustacea Based Upon a Unique Species-Level DatabaseCarrie SchweitzerKent State UniversityThe Decapoda - shrimp, lobsters, and crabs - are an economically important, diverse group of animals whose geologic history extends back 400 million years. Living representatives, numbering over 15,000 species, are global in distribution and nearly ubiquitous in oceanic and non-oceanic environments. They exert a major impact on ecosystems; understanding the dynamics of their fossil record will illuminate their historical impact on ecosystems. We will test the hypothesis that decapods are arrayed in a series of discrete evolutionary faunas; remarkably, the vast array of living and fossil decapods in diverse interrelated groups have exploited four basic body plans repeatedly. Other hypotheses to be tested are that the Decapoda have repeatedly adopted a limited number of baupläne, or generalized architectures, throughout their history; that they have experienced explosive evolutionary radiations followed by periods of no determinable change; and that they are generally resistant to mass extinction events. These hypotheses will be tested using a unique dataset compiled and assessed by the Principle Investigators: a compilation of all fossil decapod species, arrayed in a classification scheme including fossil and living taxa, with geologic and geographic ranges of all species, including a phylogeny (i.e. "family tree") for many sub-groups within the Decapoda. The dataset will be expanded to include ecological data for each taxon and will be entered into the Paleobiology Database, an NSF-supported vehicle for analyzing the fossil record. Employing its methodology, patterns of diversity and macroevolution of the decapods will be generated at levels ranging from the entire Order to species level. This will result in a comprehensive analysis of macroevolutionary patterns of this major group for the first time. Available paleoecological data derived from field studies and published records will be used to determine the effects of various environmental factors such as seafloor conditions, reef development, water depth, and temperature on morphology, extinction survivorship, and diversity. Because decapods have a remarkable range of morphological variation preservable in the fossil record, the diversity of the groups of decapods can be assessed in relation to their morphological characteristics. Defining the history of taxa with specialized morphology will permit recognition of body plans that have been exploited by different decapod groups throughout the history of the clade.Intellectual merit. This study will provide the most comprehensive analysis of macroevolution of the Decapoda yet conducted, all based upon a unique dataset that is internally consistent by virtue of its having been developed entirely by the investigators. It will document the significance of employing a high resolution, species-level database for interpretation of diversity. The hypotheses and conclusions derived here will provide a model and the foundation for future work on Decapoda, Arthropoda, and macroevolution of well-constrained groups. It will provide a test for the efficacy of PBDB data versus a constrained dataset assessed by specialist systematists.Broader impacts. The work will introduce undergraduate students at Kent State at Stark, an undergraduate campus, and Kent State at Kent, to research that involves paleoecological, paleogeographical, and functional morphological elements which, in turn, will be communicated to other students. Because decapods are known to virtually everyone, they form an excellent group to use to inform the public about ancient patterns of diversity and the relationship between the morphology of organisms, variations in their environmental requirements, and their adaptability to different physical conditions. This will be conveyed in a professionally constructed display which has the potential to be exhibited in museums and universities around the country. Small kits designed for use in elementary and middle schools will be available to allow students to make their own observations about the adaptations of decapods to their environment and its effect on diversity. Published papers and presentations on results of research at meetings will be prepared throughout the course of the research. Because the study of modern biodiversity is a concern of the general public, presentations to broader audiences as well as geology classes will provide a broad historical context for understanding modern patterns of diversity. Data entered into Paleobiology Database and Ohio Data Resource Commons will be openly available to other researchers and the general public. Combined, the databases will assure archival storage and public access, following a proprietary period.

十足类甲壳类动物化石的多样性基于一个独特的物种水平数据库十足类动物——虾、龙虾和螃蟹——是一个经济上重要的、多样化的动物群体，其地质历史可以追溯到4亿年前。现存的代表物种超过15,000种，分布在全球，在海洋和非海洋环境中几乎无处不在。它们对生态系统产生重大影响；了解它们化石记录的动态将阐明它们对生态系统的历史影响。我们将检验十足动物在一系列离散的进化动物群中排列的假设；值得注意的是，在各种相互关联的群体中，大量的活的和化石的十足类动物重复地利用了四种基本的身体结构。其他需要验证的假设是，十足类动物在其整个历史中反复采用有限数量的baupläne或广义架构；它们经历了爆炸性的进化辐射，随后是无法确定的变化时期；而且它们通常能抵抗大规模灭绝事件。这些假设将使用一个由主要调查员编制和评估的独特数据集进行检验：所有化石十足类物种的汇编，按分类方案排列，包括化石和生活分类群，所有物种的地质和地理范围，包括系统发育(即。“家谱”)在十足目的许多亚群中。该数据集将扩展到包括每个分类单元的生态数据，并将被输入古生物学数据库，这是一个由美国国家科学基金会支持的用于分析化石记录的工具。运用该方法，十足类动物的多样性和宏观进化模式将在从整个目到物种的水平上产生。这将导致首次对这一主要群体的宏观进化模式进行全面分析。现有的古生态数据来源于野外研究和已发表的记录，将用于确定各种环境因素的影响，如海底条件、珊瑚礁发育、水深和温度对形态、灭绝存活和多样性的影响。由于十足类动物的形态变化范围广泛，化石记录得以保存，因此可以根据十足类动物的形态特征来评估其类群的多样性。用专门的形态学来定义分类群的历史，将使我们能够认识到在整个进化枝的历史中，不同的十足类动物群体所利用的身体计划。知识价值。这项研究将提供迄今为止最全面的十足类宏观进化分析，所有这些都基于一个独特的数据集，由于它完全由研究人员开发，因此在内部是一致的。它将记录采用高分辨率物种级数据库解释多样性的重要性。本文的假设和结论将为今后研究十足动物、节肢动物和约束良好群体的宏观进化提供模型和基础。它将为PBDB数据与由专家系统学家评估的受限数据集的有效性提供测试。更广泛的影响。这项工作将向肯特州立大学斯塔克分校和肯特州立大学肯特分校的本科生介绍涉及古生态、古地理和功能形态元素的研究，这些研究反过来将与其他学生交流。因为十足类动物几乎为所有人所知，所以它们是一个很好的群体，可以用来告诉公众古代生物多样性的模式，以及生物形态之间的关系，它们对环境要求的变化，以及它们对不同物理条件的适应性。这将在一个专业建造的展览中传达，该展览有可能在全国各地的博物馆和大学展出。将提供专为小学和中学使用的小工具包，让学生自己观察十足类动物对环境的适应及其对多样性的影响。在整个研究过程中，将准备在会议上发表的关于研究结果的论文和报告。由于对现代生物多样性的研究是公众关注的问题，对更广泛的听众的演讲以及地质学课程将为理解现代生物多样性模式提供一个广泛的历史背景。进入古生物数据库和俄亥俄数据资源共享的数据将对其他研究人员和公众开放。合并后，这些数据库将确保档案存储和公共访问，在一个专有期之后。