Phonological Patterns in the Russian Lexicon

大多数语言都有限制规则，只适用于符合条件的词的子集：因此，英语中有像thie [f]/thie [v] es这样的词，还有chie [f]/chie [f] s和pee [v] e/pee [v] es。另一个著名的例子来自俄语，当添加后缀时，某些单词中的元音会被删除（veter/vetr-a 'wind/of wind'），但其他单词中的元音不会被删除（kater/kater-a 'a boat/of a boat'）。尽管俄语删除在过去的四十年里受到了语音学家的广泛关注，但从未使用定量可靠的方法对其进行过研究，并且错过了一些重要的概括。该规则被认为是不可预测的，所以语言学家标记为抽象的删除元音不同，并专注于删除如何与其他规则的俄罗斯interacted.The拟议的研究调查的假设，人们确实有无意识的知识的形状的话，受到限制的规则，他们可以证明这种知识在实验设置。PI及其同事最近的实验工作表明，说俄语的人知道双音节词比单音节词更有可能删除元音：即使有像[rot/rt-a]“一张嘴/一张嘴”这样的词，它们在词汇中也是少数。说俄语的人也注意音节结构，与传统的描述相反：尽管俄语有一些相当奇特的辅音群，但当它们是由元音删除造成的时，人们会拒绝它们。计划中的实验在俄罗斯和美国进行，以俄语为母语的人为对象，将调查俄语现有和假设单词中的语音和形态变化，重点是名词的屈折变化和小格的形成。该项目将为这一长期存在的问题提供大量可靠的定量数据。它还将培养研究生和本科生的实验和语料库方法，这是在语音学越来越重要。

Most languages have restricted rules that apply only to a subset of eligible words: thus, English has words like thie[f]/thie[v]es alongside chie[f]/chie[f]s and pee[v]e/pee[v]es. Another famous example comes from Russian, where vowels delete in some words when a suffix is added (veter/vetr-a 'wind/of wind') but not others (kater/kater-a 'a boat/of a boat'). Even though Russian deletion has received a lot of attention from phonologists over the past forty years, it has never been studied using quantitatively robust methodology, and some important generalizations were missed. The rule was thought to apply unpredictably, so linguists marked the deleting vowels as abstractly different and focused on how deletion interacted with other rules of Russian.The proposed research investigates the hypothesis that people do have unconscious knowledge about the shapes of words that undergo restricted rules, and they can demonstrate this knowledge in experimental settings. Recent experimental work by the PI and colleagues shows that Russian speakers know that disyllabic words are more likely to have vowel deletion than monosyllabic words: even though there are words like [rot/rt-a] 'a mouth/of a mouth', they are a small minority in the lexicon. Russian speakers also pay attention to syllable structure, contrary to traditional descriptions: even though Russian has some rather exotic consonant clusters, people reject them when they result from vowel deletion.The planned experiments, conducted in Russia and in the US with native Russian speakers, will investigate phonological and morphological alternations in existing and hypothetical words of Russian, with a focus on noun inflection and diminutive formation. The project will yield extensive quantitatively robust data on this longstanding problem. It will also train graduate and undergraduate students in experimental and corpus methodologies, which are becoming increasingly important in phonology.