Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Interaction, Tradition, and Middle Woodland Monumentality at Garden Creek, North Carolina

博士论文改进补助金：北卡罗来纳州花园溪的互动、传统和中部林地纪念性

• 批准号: 1225872
• 负责人: Robin Beck
• 金额: $ 2.52万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-06-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1225872&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Interaction

Roughly 2000 to 1500 years ago, the southern Appalachian Mountains marked the edges of two spheres of indigenous culture contact and exchange: Hopewell, centered in the Midwest, and the Kolomoki pattern of platform mound ceremonialism, concentrated in the Deep South. Under the direction of her advisor, Dr. Robin Beck, dissertation student Alice Wright will examine the relationships between these interaction spheres and the emergence of monumental architecture at the Middle Woodland period (ca. 300 BC - AD 800) Garden Creek site in western North Carolina. Since monuments are well-known archaeological signposts of novel social, political, and religious institutions, Ms. Wright's research stands to clarify how interactions among far-flung egalitarian communities contributed to profound cultural changes in the pre-Columbian Eastern Woodlands. Garden Creek includes significant archaeological deposits that pre-date and coincide with the construction of earthen mounds and enclosures, as well as large assemblages of local and non-local artifacts, providing an ideal case study for evaluating the roles of both local traditions and non-local influences in shaping unprecedented monument construction. To date, Ms. Wright's research at Garden Creek has involved the re-analysis of large but unpublished artifact collections from the 1965 excavations of Garden Creek Mound No. 2 and five months of fieldwork (2011-2012) targeting areas around the mound. Preliminary analyses of these datasets have focused on evidence for continuity and change in the spatial organization of activities, food production and consumption, and craft production. In this award, several monumental and non-monumental contexts will be radiocarbon dated to link such changes to the history of monument construction at the site. Several stratified features will be examined micromorphologically to clarify the nature and timing of the activities that generated them. Ms. Wright will also coordinate macrobotanical and geoarchaeological (Fourier transform infrared microscopic) analyses by specialists to further refine observations regarding foodways and possible feasting associated with monumentality. Finally, several non-invasive geophysical survey techniques (magnetometry, magnetic susceptibility, ground penetrating radar) will be employed to map the extent of the site and to generate an incomparable view of its monuments and surrounding built environment. The results of this research will form the basis of Wright's dissertation and subsequent publications, and will elucidate the relationships among cross-cultural interactions, monuments, and historical change in ancient Eastern North America (and in comparative case studies worldwide). The project will have broader impacts on the local community that presently inhabits the site and its surroundings, as well as on the non-renewable archaeological resources of western North Carolina. Ms. Wright has worked closely with local residents, the Canton Area Historical Museum, archaeologists at the National Forests of North Carolina, and several regional universities to foster archaeological engagement and stewardship. By developing a museum exhibit on Garden Creek, maintaining a regularly updated blog to report recent findings, hosting a public archaeology day at the site, and presenting talks to local schools and historical societies, the project actively encourages local interest and enthusiasm for archaeological research, essential for insuring the preservation of archaeological resources in the rapidly developing portions of western North Carolina.

大约2000至1500年前，阿巴拉契亚南部的山脉标志着两种土著文化接触和交流领域的边缘：霍普韦尔（Hopewell）以中西为中心，而平台式礼仪主义的Kolomoki模式则集中在深南部。在她的顾问罗宾·贝克（Robin Beck）博士的指导下，论文学生爱丽丝·赖特（Alice Wright）将研究这些相互作用领域与北卡罗来纳州西部伍德兰时期（CA. 300 BC -AD 800）Garden Creek Site的纪念性建筑之间的关系。由于纪念碑是著名的新型社会，政治和宗教机构的考古标志，赖特女士的研究旨在阐明遥远的平等社区之间的互动如何促进哥伦比亚前东部林地的深刻文化变化。 Garden Creek包括大量的考古矿床，这些矿床与泥土土墩和围墙的建造以及当地和非本地人工制品的大型组合相吻合，为评估当地传统和非本地影响在塑造未经证实的纪念碑构建中的作用提供了理想的案例研究。迄今为止，赖特女士在加登克里克（Garden Creek）的研究涉及从1965年的《花园溪土墩》（Garden Creek Mouround）编号2和五个月的实地考察（2011- 2012年）对土墩周围的针对区域的针对区域的大型但未出版的人工制品收藏的重新分析。对这些数据集的初步分析集中在活动，食品生产和消费以及工艺生产的连续性和变化的证据上。在该奖项中，将有几种纪念性和非数量的环境将被放射性碳与该地点的纪念碑构建历史联系起来。几个分层的特征将在微观学上进行检查，以阐明产生它们的活动的性质和时机。赖特女士还将通过专家协调大型植物学和地理考古学（傅立叶变换红外微观）分析，以进一步完善有关食品的观察以及可能与纪念性相关的盛宴。最后，将采用几种非侵入性地球物理调查技术（磁力测定法，磁化率，地面穿透性雷达）来绘制场地的范围，并对其古迹和周围的建筑环境产生无与伦比的视图。这项研究的结果将构成赖特的论文和随后的出版物的基础，并将阐明北美古代东部的跨文化相互作用，古迹和历史变化之间的关系（以及全球比较案例研究）。 该项目将对目前居住在该地点及其周围环境以及北卡罗来纳州西部的不可再生考古资源的当地社区产生更大的影响。赖特女士与当地居民，广州地区历史博物馆，北卡罗来纳州国家森林的考古学家以及几所地区大学密切合作，以促进考古参与和管理。通过在Garden Creek上开发博物馆展览，维护了定期更新的博客，以报告最近的发现，在现场举办公共考古学日，并向当地学校和历史社会进行谈判，该项目积极鼓励当地对考古研究的兴趣和热情，对于在北北卡罗莱纳州西部地区快速发展的古老资源中保存的维护至关重要。