Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: Long Term Organizational Principles in Multi-Ethnic Contexts

该项目将进行研究，调查与种植园农业有关的殖民结构和进程是如何在土著背景下被采纳和谈判的。虽然有大量关于美国南部和加勒比地区种植园和奴隶制的历史和考古学研究，但对美洲原住民国家中存在的众多相应机构的研究相对较少。这样的土著背景概括了19世纪世纪美国的许多种族动态，并提供了一个独特的机会来研究种植园系统跨越国家和文化界限的可塑性。由于缺乏关于土著种植园的历史文献，以及各地被奴役者的日常生活，考古学特别适合此类研究。从广义上讲，该项目将有助于对美国社会中殖民主义和种族关系的遗产进行流行和学术讨论。在当地，该项目将包括通过社区互动和公有地点的志愿者机会进行教育和外展，并为有关美洲原住民自由民作为部落公民地位的当代辩论提供历史背景。这些当地的互动使研究小组能够与传统上被剥夺权利的群体接触，并阐明土著环境中种族关系的历史发展。该项目是由一个首要的问题：种植园是如何组织在土著环境中，这是如何不同于那些在欧美？为了回答这个问题，研究小组将评估乔治M的空间组织、内部社会组织以及农业和工业生产的组织。Murrell Home（也被称为“猎人之家”），位于俄克拉荷马州的帕克山，位于搬迁后的切罗基地区的中心。论文的学生，特拉维斯·威廉姆斯，将带领考古学家，zooarchaeologists，民族植物学家和土壤化学家的团队照亮猎人的家在19世纪中叶的组织通过考古数据和相关的历史信息的组合从现存的主要来源。将这些数据与来自欧美的大量类似种植园的数据进行比较，将揭示切罗基国家内外种植园在土地利用、劳动组织、消费者行为和农业生产方面的差异和相似之处。研究人员将产生一个跨学科的数据集密切相关的比较分析，为更广泛的学术界目前从事非洲移民，美洲原住民和殖民主义的问题。这项研究还将有助于越来越多的考古学研究，探讨传统的殖民主义二分法的不足之处（例如，殖民者/被殖民，连续性/变化），因为猎人之家的居民通过移动，操纵和管理这种二分法的双方。

This project will undertake research to investigate how colonial structures and processes related to plantation agriculture were adopted and negotiated within an indigenous context. Though there exists a wide array of historical and archaeological scholarship on plantations and chattel slavery in the American South and Caribbean, there has been relatively little research on the numerous corresponding institutions that existed within Native American nations. Such indigenous contexts encapsulate many of the racial dynamics of 19th century America and provide a unique opportunity to study the malleability of the plantation system across national and cultural boundaries. Due to the dearth of historical documentation on indigenous plantations specifically and the daily lives of the enslaved everywhere, archaeology is particularly suited to such research. Broadly, the project will contribute to popular and academic discussions of the legacies of colonialism and race relations in American society. Locally, the project will include education and outreach through community interaction and volunteer opportunities at a publicly owned site and provide historical context for contemporary debates regarding Native American Freedmens status as tribal citizens. These local interactions allow the research team to engage with traditionally disenfranchised groups and shed light on the historical development of race relations in indigenous settings. The project is guided by one overarching question: How were plantations organized in Native contexts, and how was this different than that of those in Euro-America? To answer this, the research team will evaluate the spatial organization, internal social organization, and the organization of agricultural and industrial production at the George M. Murrell Home (also known as "Hunter's Home"), in Park Hill, Oklahoma, in the heart of post-Removal Cherokee country. The dissertation student, Travis Williams, will lead a team of archaeologists, zooarchaeologists, ethnobotanists, and soil chemists to illuminate the organization of Hunter's Home during the middle of the 19th century through a combination of archaeological data and relevant historical information from extant primary sources. A comparison of these data to the plethora of those from like plantations in Euro-America will reveal differences and similarities in land use, labor organization, consumer practices, and agricultural production at plantations within and outside Cherokee country. The investigators will produce an interdisciplinary dataset germane to comparative analyses for the broader academic community currently engaging with issues of the African Diaspora, Native Americans, and colonialism. The study will also contribute to a growing body of archaeological scholarship exploring the inadequacy of traditional dichotomous categories of colonialism (e.g., colonizer/colonized, continuity/change), as the residents of Hunter's Home moved through, manipulated, and managed both sides of such dichotomies.