Studies of the Impact of Organic Nitrates on Nitrogen Cycling and Aerosol Production

有机硝酸盐对氮循环和气溶胶产生影响的研究

• 批准号: 1228496
• 负责人: Mark Lipton
• 金额: $ 56.57万
• 依托单位: Purdue University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1228496&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Studies; Impact; Organic; Nitrates; Nitrogen

This project aims to improve the understanding of the role of organic nitrates as reservoirs for atmospheric nitrogen oxides, and the role of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) oxidation in the production of organic nitrates. Organic nitrate production can limit the production of ozone, and deposit atmospheric nitrogen back to forests, where it can be utilized in plant biochemistry and thus carbon sequestration. This study also aims to better understand the role of organic nitrates derived from BVOCs in the production of secondary organic aerosol SOA, and chemistry in the aerosol phase that can result in low vapor pressure products contributing to SOA mass. The focus is on improving our understanding of the atmospheric chemistry of three of the most important BVOCs (representing approximately 600 teragrams per year of emissions), i.e., isoprene, alpha-pinene and beta-pinene. The specific objectives are: 1. Determine individual and total gas phase yields of organic nitrates from hydroxyl radical (OH) reaction with alpha- and beta-pinene, as well as measurements of the aerosol phase organic nitrate yields. 2. Study the partitioning of the alpha-pinene and beta-pinene nitrates between gas and aerosol phases. 3. Investigate aerosol-phase chemistry, specifically oxidation and oligomerization of organic nitrates, and sulfonation of olefinic nitrates and those with alcohol groups. 4. Measure the OH and ozone reaction rate constants for isoprene nitrates and alpha-pinene nitrates (APNs), and measure the yield of nitrogen dioxide from OH- and ozone oxidation of these species. 5. Develop detailed photochemical oxidation mechanisms for isoprene and alpha- and beta-pinene.Improved understanding of this chemistry will aid in the ultimate development of Earth System Models that describe the chemistry of BVOCs and their impact on climate and air quality. Collaborations will be established with scientists and students at the University of East Anglia (UEA) in the United Kingdom, and at other partnering universities, thus creating opportunities to connect students at Purdue and the partnering universities in semester or summer abroad experiences that include participation in research in the respective collaborators' laboratories. Local high school students and teachers will be engaged in the science, through participation in the Global Ozone Project (see: http://go3project.com/network2/ index.php/ pages/home), which involves a network of measurements of tropospheric ozone by students, who learn about atmospheric science through active research. Specifically, an ozone instrument will be installed in a rooftop weather station at West Lafayette Junior/Senior High School where an earth science class will participate in the interpretation of data, and incorporation of that data in a global network of similar measurements, that can connect their learning to that of other students around the world. Interpretation of data will teach them about relationships between human activities, weather, and air quality. Students will be invited to attend the principal investigator's group meetings, and connect to this research, so that high school students get an advance perspective on how science is conducted in a university research laboratory. Graduate students will engage in this process, so that learning is a two-way effort for the students.

该项目旨在提高对有机硝酸盐作为大气氮氧化物储存库的作用以及生物挥发性有机化合物（BVOC）氧化在有机硝酸盐生产中的作用的认识。有机硝酸盐的生产可以限制臭氧的产生，并将大气中的氮存款回森林，在那里它可以用于植物生物化学，从而固碳。本研究还旨在更好地了解来自BVOCs的有机硝酸盐在二次有机气溶胶SOA的生产中的作用，以及气溶胶相中的化学，这可能导致低蒸汽压产品对SOA质量的贡献。重点是提高我们对三种最重要的BVOCs（每年排放约600太克）的大气化学的理解，即，异戊二烯、α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯。具体目标是：1.确定从羟基自由基（OH）与α-和β-蒎烯反应的有机硝酸盐的单个和总气相产率，以及气溶胶相有机硝酸盐产率的测量。2.研究α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯硝酸盐在气相和气溶胶相之间的分配。3.研究气溶胶相化学，特别是有机硝酸盐的氧化和低聚反应，以及烯属硝酸盐和醇基硝酸盐的磺化反应。4.测量异戊二烯硝酸盐和α-蒎烯硝酸盐（APN）的OH和臭氧反应速率常数，并测量这些物质的OH和臭氧氧化产生的二氧化氮。5.详细研究异戊二烯、α-和β-蒎烯的光化学氧化机理。加深对这种化学作用的理解将有助于最终开发描述BVOCs化学作用及其对气候和空气质量影响的地球系统模型。将与英国东安格利亚大学（UEA）和其他合作大学的科学家和学生建立合作关系，从而创造机会将普渡大学和合作大学的学生在学期或夏季的海外体验中联系起来，包括参与各自合作者实验室的研究。当地的高中学生和教师将通过参加全球臭氧项目（见：http://go3project.com/network2/ index.php/ pages/home）参与科学研究，该项目涉及一个由学生测量对流层臭氧的网络，学生通过积极的研究了解大气科学。具体而言，将在西拉斐特初中/高中的屋顶气象站安装一台臭氧仪器，地球科学班将参与数据解释，并将该数据纳入类似测量的全球网络，这可以将他们的学习与世界各地其他学生的学习联系起来。对数据的解释将教会他们人类活动、天气和空气质量之间的关系。学生将被邀请参加主要研究者的小组会议，并连接到这项研究，使高中学生获得科学是如何在大学研究实验室进行的先进的观点。研究生将参与这一过程，使学习是一个双向的努力，为学生。