TWC: Medium: Collaborative: Deconstructing Encryption

密码学家发明了许多不同类型的加密。PI的研究将其中许多内容放在一个保护伞下，从而重新定义了现代密码学的格局。在这个过程中，研究提出了一些全新的加密方式。这项工作的动机是现有安全实践的需要。示例问题包括在云中存储相同材料的加密副本时如何节省空间，以及如何通过将过程重新想象为洗一副牌来加密信用卡号码。这项研究展示了包容重新解释加密所做的事情对密码学和安全性的实际好处。更详细地说，泄漏加密将泄露消息的某些特定功能的含义形式化，统一了分组密码、在线密码和保序加密等概念。基于混洗的加密创建分组密码的方式与Feistel和SP网络的方式根本不同。消息锁定加密可以使用从消息本身派生的密钥进行加密，以实现安全的重复数据消除。基于密码的加密结合了“SALT”，以提供PI所称的多实例安全性。电路加密可以加密电路及其对密文的输入，这些密文允许对一个进行评估，但以一种只揭示正确计算结果的方式。这些只是这项研究包含的部分目标。

Cryptographers have invented many different types of encryption. The PIs' research brings many of these under one umbrella, thereby reconceptualizing the landscape of modern cryptography. In the process, the research puts forward some entirely new kinds of encryption. The work is motivated by the needs of existing security practice. Sample questions include how to save space when storing encrypted copies of the same material in the cloud, and how to encrypt a credit-card number by reimagining the process as the shuffling of a deck of cards. The research demonstrates the practical benefits to cryptography and security from inclusive reinterpretations what encryption does.In more detail, leaky encryption formalizes what it means to divulge some particular function of the message, unifying notions like blockciphers, online ciphers, and order-preserving encryption. Shuffle-based encryption creates blockciphers in a way fundamentally different from the way Feistel and SP networks do. Message-locked encryption can encrypt with a key derived from the message itself, to enable secure de-duplication. Password-based encryption incorporates a "salt" to provide what the PIs call multi-instance security. Circuit encryption can encrypt a circuit and its input to ciphertexts that permit the evaluation of the one on the other, but in a way that reveals only correctly computed result. These are just some of the aims the research encompasses.