Standard: Improving Intelligence: A New Dialogue Between S&TS Scholars and Intelligence Analysts

对科学知识如何用于政策决策的研究通常有助于了解自然科学和物理科学如何与政策交叉。相比之下，人们对社会科学在政策制定中的应用知之甚少。为了填补这一空白，本研究调查情报分析师如何获取，处理，并利用社会科学制定政策，通过大规模杀伤性武器专家和政策制定者的科学和技术研究（STS）研究的吸收研究。它解决了美国情报界已经认识到的一个差距：需要获得有关人机界面的专业知识，以减轻未来的情报失败。该研究采用参与者观察、匿名调查和匿名面对面访谈的方式，探讨如何将社会和技术因素纳入大规模毁灭性武器评估。 研究了由STS研究人员和大规模毁灭性武器决策者组成的两个小组：一个研究核武器技术，一个研究生物武器技术。该研究（1）探讨了美国情报界从科学和技术研究中获得的分析视角，这些视角可以对大规模杀伤性武器的威胁产生新的理解;（2）研究了情报分析人员如何吸收这些视角来理解这些威胁;以及（3）研究如何从情报从业者的反馈可以完善和建议新的研究途径STS奖学金有关大规模杀伤性武器的威胁。 通过出版物、会议介绍、讲习班、教学和网络出版，向广泛的专家、教育工作者、学生和知情的非专业受众提供该项目的调查结果。该项目的具体研究成果是学术出版物、向美国情报和政策官员提供的简报以及为改进大规模毁灭性武器评估而进行的劳动力培训。与研究相结合，该项目还为对科学，技术和安全感兴趣的学生创建了新的研究生和本科生课程，并产生了有关教学方法的新知识，以在本科和研究生阶段教授科学和安全问题。

Studies of how scientific knowledge is used in policy decisions usually shed light on how natural and physical science intersects with policy. By contrast, less is known about how social science is utilized in policy making. To fill this gap, this study investigates how intelligence analysts acquire, process, and utilize social science to make policy, through a study of the uptake of science and technology studies (STS) research by weapons of mass destruction experts and policymakers. It addresses a gap that the U.S. intelligence community has recognized: the need to access expertise about the human-technology interface in order to mitigate future intelligence failures. Using participant observation, anonymous surveys, and anonymous in-person interviews, the study investigates how weapons of mass destruction assessments can integrate social and technical factors. Two groups composed of STS researchers and WMD policymakers are studied: one that examines nuclear weapons technologies, and one that examines biological weapons technologies. The study (1) interjects into the U.S. intelligence community analytic perspectives from science and technology studies that can generate new understandings on weapons of mass destruction (WMD) threats; (2) studies how intelligence analysts absorb these perspectives to make sense of these threats; and (3) examines how feedback from intelligence practitioners can refine and suggest new research avenues for STS scholarship related to WMD threats. Through publications, presentations at conferences, workshops, teaching, and web-based publishing, the findings of this project are made available to a broad range of expert, educator, student, and informed lay audiences. The specific research outputs of this project are scholarly publications, briefings to U.S. intelligence and policy officials, and workforce training to improve WMD assessments. Integrated with the research, the project also creates new graduate and undergraduate courses for students interested in science, technology, and security, and produces new knowledge about pedagogical methods to teach science and security issues at the undergraduate and graduate level.