Collaborative Research: The COnvective Precipitation Experiment- Microphysical and Entrainment Dependencies (COPE-MED)

合作研究：对流降水实验 - 微物理和夹带依赖性 (COPE-MED)

• 批准号: 1230292
• 负责人: Sonia Lasher-Trapp
• 金额: $ 47.66万
• 依托单位: Purdue University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2015-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1230292&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; COnvective; Precipitation; Experiment

The primary goal for the Convective Precipitation Experiment- Microphysics and Entrainment Dependencies (COPE-MED) study is to investigate how changes in the strength of the warm rain process acting directly, as well as through the Hallet-Mossop process, impacts the amount, intensity and characteristics of convective rainfall. Of equal interest is cumulus entrainment, factors influencing its progression, and how it alters the effectiveness of both the warm rain and Hallet-Mossop processes. The COPE-MED study includes: (i) a field campaign to collect a unique data set; (ii) the novel application of data analysis techniques designed to maximize the utility of the data; and (iii) numerical simulations of the clouds, to complement the data analysis and hypothesis-testing, and to develop improved representation of these processes in numerical models.The COPE-MED field campaign is built around the combination of remote sensing capabilities and in situ cloud physics instrumentation on the University of Wyoming King Air research aircraft. These capabilities will be used to observe, in detail, the microphysical and dynamic structure of convective storms in their initial stages of development. COPE-MED will take place within the broader context of COPE - a U.K. lead field campaign scheduled from June through August, 2013 in Southwestern England. In this geographical location, the cooler cloud bases, lower drop concentrations and relatively predictable convective initiation along convergence lines provide an ideal opportunity to sample developing cumuli as they progress from the warm rain process into ice processes, and the influences of entrainment upon that progression. The remotely-sensed and in-situ aircraft data will be analyzed together with data collected from a COPE UK research aircraft as well as from ground-based radars, radiosondes, aerosol instrumentation, and surface rain gauges. The data will be analyzed in conjunction with high-resolution 3D numerical simulations of the clouds, which can represent the different microphysical pathways and the effects of entrainment, and provide information on cloud features that are otherwise incapable of being sampled by the aircraft.The novel contributions from COPE-MED will include technical development of the use of attenuation of the in-situ Wyoming Cloud Radar signal by raindrops as a measure of the strength of the warm rain process; the analysis of data collected from a suite of microphysical probes on the aircraft, with post-processing algorithms designed to maximize information and minimize ambiguity regarding quantification of the different water phases in the cloud; and the first direct comparison of flow fields near cloud top derived using dual-Doppler analysis with those from high-resolution cloud simulations, with the purpose of studying entrainment features and improving its representation in large-eddy simulations.Intellectual merits:This research will collect a unique, multi-component data set for the initial stages of convective precipitation development, increase understanding of entrainment and microphysical interactions affecting convective rainfall, and develop data analysis methods and improve cloud simulation models that can be applied to many future studies.Broader impacts:The study will improve quantitative precipitation forecasting (both by increasing basic knowledge as well as inspiring new microphysical and/or entrainment parameterizations), advance in cloud seeding, and improved prediction of the effects of aerosol and climate change upon clouds and precipitation. Other broader impacts of the work include the education and training of three graduate students and two postdocs in observational data collection and analysis and/or numerical modeling of clouds, and their introduction to numerous members of the international cloud physics community.

对流降水实验-微物理和夹带相关性(COPE-MED)研究的主要目标是调查直接作用于暖雨过程以及通过Hallet-Mossop过程的强度变化如何影响对流降雨的数量、强度和特征。同样令人感兴趣的是积云夹带，影响其发展的因素，以及它如何改变暖雨和Hallet-Mossop过程的有效性。COPE-MED研究包括：(I)收集独特数据集的实地活动；(Ii)数据分析技术的新应用，旨在最大限度地利用数据；以及(Iii)云的数值模拟，以补充数据分析和假设检验，并改进这些过程在数值模式中的表示。COPE-MED实地活动是围绕怀俄明大学国王航空研究飞机上的遥感能力和现场云物理仪器的组合而建立的。这些能力将被用来详细观察对流风暴发展初期的微物理和动力学结构。COPE-MED将在更广泛的COPE的背景下进行-COPE是一项英国主导的实地活动，定于2013年6月至8月在英格兰西南部举行。在这一地理位置，较冷的云底、较低的液滴浓度和沿辐合线相对可预测的对流启动提供了一个理想的机会，在积云从暖雨过程发展为冰过程以及卷吸对这一过程的影响的过程中对发展中的积云进行采样。遥感和现场飞机数据将与从COPE英国研究飞机以及从地面雷达、无线电探空仪、气溶胶仪器和地面雨量计收集的数据一起进行分析。这些数据将结合对云的高分辨率3D数值模拟进行分析，这些云可以代表不同的微物理路径和夹带的影响，并提供有关云特征的信息，否则无法被飞机采样。COPE-MED的新贡献将包括利用雨滴对现场怀俄明州云雷达信号的衰减作为暖雨过程强度的衡量标准的技术开发；分析从飞机上的一套微物理探测器收集的数据，以及旨在最大化信息和最大限度减少关于云中不同水相量化的模糊性的后处理算法；并首次将双多普勒分析得出的云顶附近的流场与高分辨率云模拟得出的流场进行了直接比较，目的是研究卷吸特征并改进其在大涡模拟中的表现。智力优势：本研究将为对流降水发展的初始阶段收集独特的多分量数据集，加深对影响对流降雨的卷吸和微物理相互作用的了解，并开发数据分析方法和改进云模拟模型，可应用于许多未来研究。广泛的影响：该研究将改进定量降水预报(通过增加基本知识以及启发新的微物理和/或卷吸参数)，在云播撒方面取得进展，改进了对气溶胶和气候变化对云和降水的影响的预测。这项工作的其他更广泛的影响包括对三名研究生和两名博士后进行云的观测数据收集和分析和(或)数值建模方面的教育和培训，并将他们介绍给国际云物理界的许多成员。