Understanding the Mechanism of Simultaneous Oleophobic/Hydrophilic Behavior: When a Nanometer-Thick Polymer Coating meets a Solid Surface

这项资助的研究目的是阐明在涂有纳米厚度聚合物的固体表面上同时观察到的憎油/亲水行为的基本机制。尽管对水比对油更易润湿的表面有许多重要的应用，但这样的表面很少有报道。最近的研究表明，这种反常的润湿行为可以通过在某些固体衬底上涂覆一些纳米厚的聚合物涂层来实现。然而，到目前为止，造成这一有趣和令人困惑的结果的机制仍然不清楚。为了了解这一机制，PI将通过X射线反射仪(XRR)和飞行时间二次离子质谱仪(ToF-SIMS)研究聚合物-基材相互作用如何确切地影响聚合物纳米膜中的“静态”和“动态”空穴，以建立水和油的润湿过程的动力学。PI还将确定控制同时憎油/亲水的关键参数，包括聚合物结构、底物结构和光化学照射过程。如果成功，将发现同时憎油/亲水的潜在机制，并将建立设计标准。同时疏油/亲水表面在许多重要应用中是非常可取的，包括免洗涤剂清洁、防雾和油水分离。了解如何制作这样的表面将极大地影响环境和能源领域。该研究项目还将促进科学和工程领域代表性不足群体的学生参与，包括为研究生和本科生提供研究培训，开发新课程，并开展外联活动，例如最近在国际和平研究所的指导下在匹兹堡大学设立的Engage计划。通过多方面的活动，促进不同年龄的学生对科学和工程学科的兴趣和参与。

The research objective of this grant is to elucidate the fundamental mechanism that is responsible for simultaneous oleophobic/hydrophilic behavior observed on the solid surface coated with a nanometer-thick polymer. Although surfaces more wettable to water than to oil have many important applications, such surfaces have been very rarely reported. Recent studies indicate that such anomalous wetting behavior could be achieved by applying some nanometer-thick polymer coating on some solid substrate. However, the mechanism responsible for the interesting and puzzling result remains unclear to date. To understand the mechanism, the PI will investigate how exactly the polymer-substrate interaction affects the "static" and "dynamic" holes in the polymer nanofilms by x-ray reflectometry (XRR) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) to establish the kinetics of the wetting process of water and oil. The PI also will identify the key parameters, including polymer structure, substrate structure, and photochemical irradiation process, that govern simultaneous oleophobicity/hydrophilicity.If successful, the underlying mechanism of simultaneous oleophobicity/hydrophilicity will be discovered, and design criteria will be established. Simultaneous oleophobic/hydrophilic surfaces are highly desirable in many important applications, including detergent-free cleaning, anti-fogging, and oil-water separating. Understanding how to fabricate such surfaces will greatly impact the field of environment and energy. The research project also will promote the participation of the students from underrepresented groups in science and engineering fields, including providing research training to graduate and undergraduate students, developing a new courses, and conducting outreach activities, such as the ENGAGE program that recently was established at the University of Pittsburgh under the PI's direction. Through multi-faceted activities, the PI will promote interest and participation in science and engineering disciplines on the part of students of all ages.