Collaboration on Oxidative Elimination of Cyanotoxins by Ferrates(VI, V, and IV)

高铁酸盐（VI、V 和 IV）氧化消除蓝藻毒素的合作

• 批准号: 1235636
• 负责人: Judy Westrick
• 金额: $ 4万
• 依托单位: Lake Superior State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1235636&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaboration; Oxidative; Elimination; Cyanotoxins; Ferrates

1236331/1235636/1235803/1236209 Sharma/Westrick/O'Shea/Dionysiou There is serious concern over the human health impacts of cyanobacteria, commonly referred to as blue green algae, in drinking water reservoirs worldwide. Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (Cyano-HABs) have been especially problematic in the Great Lakes and Florida Watersheds in recent years. The Great Lakes contain one-fifth of the world?s freshwater and provide drinking water to over 24 million Canadian and U.S. citizens. In this region, there are reports of cyano-HABs events at least at six locations in Lake Ontario, seven locations in Lake Erie, three locations in Lake Huron, and two locations in Lake Michigan. Cyanobacteria produce taste and odour compounds but pose a serious environmental hazard because of the release of potent water soluble toxic compounds, called cyanotoxins (i.e., hepatotoxins, dermatotoxins, neurotoxins). Microcystins (MCs), which are hepatotoxic cyclic peptide toxins, are the most widespread cyanotoxins. As global climate change occurs, cyano-HABs are predicted to increase in both frequency and toxicity. The increase in HABs and the negative health effects of MCs have resulted in an urgent need to identify efficient water treatment methods to eliminate cyanotoxins from water supplies. Physical methods can be employed to remove MCs however such methods do not destroy the toxins and the associated treatment costs are generally prohibitive. Oxidative transformation of cyanotoxins to less toxic by-products offers an attractive option for treatment of contaminated water. Conventional oxidative technologies, such as chlorination, UV, and ozonization are often not cost effective. In addition, the formation of toxic by-products, including bromate and disinfection by products are major drawbacks. High-valent iron-based tetra-oxy compounds, ferrates (FeVIO42-, Fe(VI), FeVO43-, Fe(V) and FeIVO43-, (Fe(IV)) are emerging disinfectants and promising oxidizing agents for water treatment and can address the concerns associated with the current treatment technologies. Fe(V) and Fe(IV) are more powerful oxidant than Fe(VI) and may efficiently treat chlorine resistant microorganisms and toxins. This research will investigate the degradation of toxins by different ferrates under natural water conditions without producing toxic byproducts. Additionally, a novel photocatalyst will be developed which in presence of Fe(VI) under solar light and visible light irradiation will yield efficient degradation of cyanotoxins. The research is expected to provide the fundamental mechanistic understanding necessary for the development of rational strategies for optimizing the ferrate process and ferrate-based solar driven photocatalytic process for water treatment. The collaborative project will make a significant contribution in the field of water purification using ferrate technologies. The development of cost-efficient technologies for water purification, especially for small scale treatment plants as response technologies to the seasonal problems of algal blooms will have a significant implication in protecting human health. Additionally, a molecular understanding of the chemistry of ferrate species will help to elucidate the involvement of high-valent iron species in a number of critical biological processes, including aging and diseases. The research activities will promote and foster teaching, mentoring, training and learning through interactions of a compentent research team composed of undergraduate students, graduate students, postdocs and the PIs. The PIs will recruit females and minority students. Outreach activities will provide opportunities to undergraduate and high school students, including from underrepresented groups, for training and research in environmental engineering and science, which will include water monitoring and cyanobacterial identification.

1236331/1235636/1235803/1236209 Sharma/Westrick/O 'Shea/Dionysiou全世界的饮用水水库中的蓝藻（通常称为蓝绿色藻类）对人类健康的影响受到严重关注。 近年来，蓝藻有害藻华在五大湖和佛罗里达流域尤其严重。五大湖占世界的五分之一？它是淡水资源，为超过2400万加拿大和美国公民提供饮用水。 在这一区域，据报告，至少在安大略湖的六个地点、伊利湖的七个地点、休伦湖的三个地点和密歇根湖的两个地点发生了氰基有害生物事件。蓝细菌产生味道和气味化合物，但由于释放称为蓝毒素的强效水溶性有毒化合物（即，肝毒素、皮肤毒素、神经毒素）。微囊藻毒素（Microcystins，MCs）是一类具有肝毒性的环肽类毒素，是分布最广的蓝藻毒素。随着全球气候变化的发生，预计氰基有害生物的出现频率和毒性都会增加。 由于有害藻华的增加和微囊藻对健康的负面影响，迫切需要确定有效的水处理方法，以消除供水中的蓝藻毒素。 可以采用物理方法来去除MC，但是这种方法不会破坏毒素，并且相关的处理成本通常过高。将蓝藻毒素氧化转化为毒性较小的副产物为污染水的处理提供了一种有吸引力的选择。 传统的氧化技术，如氯化，紫外线和臭氧化往往是不符合成本效益。 此外，形成有毒副产物，包括溴酸盐和消毒副产物是主要缺点。 高价铁基四氧化合物，高铁酸盐（FeVIO 42-，Fe（VI），FeVO 43-，Fe（V）和FeIVO 43-，（Fe（IV））是新兴的消毒剂和用于水处理的有前途的氧化剂，并且可以解决与当前处理技术相关的问题。 Fe（V）和Fe（IV）是比Fe（VI）更强的氧化剂，可以有效地处理耐氯微生物和毒素。 本研究将探讨不同高铁酸盐在自然水体条件下对毒素的降解，而不产生有毒副产物。 此外，将开发一种新型的光催化剂，在太阳光和可见光照射下，在Fe（VI）的存在下，将产生有效的降解蓝藻毒素。 该研究有望为制定合理的策略优化高铁酸盐工艺和高铁酸盐基太阳能光催化水处理工艺提供必要的基本机理理解。 该合作项目将在使用高铁酸盐技术的水净化领域做出重大贡献。开发具有成本效益的水净化技术，特别是小型处理厂的水净化技术，作为应对藻类大量繁殖季节性问题的技术，将对保护人类健康产生重大影响。 此外，对高铁酸盐化学的分子理解将有助于阐明高价铁物种参与许多关键的生物过程，包括衰老和疾病。 研究活动将通过由本科生、研究生、博士后和PI组成的胜任研究团队的互动，促进和促进教学、指导、培训和学习。 私立学校将招收女性和少数民族学生。外联活动将为本科生和高中生，包括来自代表性不足群体的学生提供机会，进行环境工程和科学方面的培训和研究，其中包括水监测和蓝藻识别。