Determination of uptake and elimination rates for isotopically enriched ZnO nanoparticles by Eisenia Fetida and the potential for trophic transfer

赤子爱胜蚓对同位素富集的 ZnO 纳米颗粒的吸收和消除率的测定以及营养转移的潜力

• 批准号: 1236083
• 负责人: Steven Lev
• 金额: $ 13.1万
• 依托单位: Towson University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1236083&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Determination; uptake; elimination; rates; isotopically

Abstract#1236083Lev, StevenIntellectual Merit: The use of engineered metal nanoparticles (NP) in consumer products such as washing machines and cosmetic products is becoming widespread. As an example, ZnO NPs have the ability to absorb ultraviolet (UV) light when below the size of 100 nm, and are commonly found in sunscreens. Considered to be the richest family of nanostructures, ZnO NPs are also used as rubber additives, pigments, and in photoelectrodes. Environmental exposure to nanoparticles is not a new concept and organisms have adapted to natural exposures; the concern lies with the recent influx of manufactured nanoparticles that may have a detrimental effect on the environment. With the majority of NPs being released to the environment through municipal waste water and sewage sludge mediums, aquatic and terrestrial systems are a likely sink for manufactured nanoparticles. The fates of these nanoparticles once released into the environment and the potential for transfer of NPs to organisms higher in the food web (e.g. birds and small mammals) are open questions. This investigation will utilize nanoparticles with a chemical fingerprint to track the fate of NPs in soil and the potential for uptake and transfer to higher-level organisms using the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Earthworms are in constant direct contact with soils and are an important potential entry point into the terrestrial food web where bioaccumulation of NPs can occur in higher-level organisms. The fingerprinted NPs in this study will be readily discernibly from other sources of Zn in the soil and the earthworm. The behavior of the fingerprinted NPs in a soil system will be compared with other non-nano forms of Zn (bulk ZnO powder and ZnCl2) over time to evaluate the impact of soil ageing on the bioavailability of the different Zn forms. This general approach will be used to test the following hypotheses; 1) There will be no difference in the uptake or elimination of Zn by E. fetida among all three forms of Zn, indicating that zinc NPs are easily eliminated by E. fetida and there is no potential for transfer via earthworms to the terrestrial food web and, 2) There will be no difference in the uptake or elimination of Zn by E. fetida among the three zinc treatments after 42 days of ageing and that these treatments will not differ from the initial experiment.Broader Impacts: An understanding of nanoparticles' fate in soil systems and their impact on the wider environment, which ultimately impacts the quality of our lives, is of prime interest to our society. There is a critical need for scientists trained to understand these types of emerging systems. This project will provide educational opportunities at all levels. Minority students with an interest in working on this project will be identified and recruited through an active NSF STEP program "Towson Opportunities in STEM" (TOPS). All involved students will work as part of a multi-disciplinary research team over the course of the project. Results from this investigation will be disseminated by students at the Towson University Research Expo, at appropriate professional conferences as well as through the peer-reviewed literature.

摘要#1236083Lev，StevenIntellectual Merit：工程金属纳米颗粒（NP）在消费品（如洗衣机和化妆品）中的应用正变得越来越普遍。例如，ZnO NP在小于100 nm的尺寸时具有吸收紫外线（UV）的能力，并且通常在防晒剂中发现。被认为是最丰富的纳米结构家族，ZnO NPs也被用作橡胶添加剂，颜料和光电极。环境暴露于纳米颗粒并不是一个新概念，生物体已经适应了自然暴露;关注的是最近流入的制造纳米颗粒可能对环境产生有害影响。随着大多数纳米颗粒通过城市废水和污水污泥介质释放到环境中，水生和陆地系统可能是制造的纳米颗粒的汇。这些纳米颗粒一旦释放到环境中的命运以及纳米颗粒转移到食物网中更高生物体（例如鸟类和小型哺乳动物）的可能性是悬而未决的问题。 这项研究将利用具有化学指纹的纳米颗粒来跟踪土壤中纳米颗粒的命运，以及利用蚯蚓吸收和转移到更高层次生物的潜力。 蚯蚓经常与土壤直接接触，是进入陆地食物网的一个重要的潜在切入点，在陆地食物网中，纳米颗粒可在更高层次的生物体中发生生物积累。本研究中的指纹NPs将很容易从土壤和土壤中的其他Zn来源中分离出来。 随着时间的推移，将指纹NP在土壤系统中的行为与其他非纳米形式的Zn（本体ZnO粉末和ZnCl 2）进行比较，以评估土壤老化对不同Zn形式的生物利用度的影响。 这种通用方法将用于检验以下假设：1）E对Zn的吸收或消除没有差异。在所有三种形式的Zn中，fetida，表明锌NPs容易被E. fetida和有没有潜在的转移通过蚯蚓的陆地食物网和，2）将没有差异，在吸收或消除锌的E。更广泛的影响：了解纳米颗粒在土壤系统中的命运及其对更广泛环境的影响，最终影响我们的生活质量，是我们社会的首要利益。迫切需要受过培训的科学家来了解这些类型的新兴系统。 该项目将提供各级教育机会。 少数民族学生有兴趣在这个项目上工作将通过一个积极的NSF步骤程序识别和招募“陶森机会在干”（TOPS）。 所有参与的学生将在项目过程中作为多学科研究团队的一部分工作。 这项调查的结果将由学生在陶森大学研究博览会上，在适当的专业会议上以及通过同行评议的文献进行传播。