Impacts of the Biosphere on Global Tropospheric Chemistry and Climate

生物圈对全球对流层化学和气候的影响

• 批准号: 1238109
• 负责人: Colette Heald
• 金额: $ 46.89万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1238109&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Impacts; Biosphere; Global; Tropospheric; Chemistry

This research effort will investigate impacts of land use change on atmospheric composition with a primary focus on ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from pre-industrial (1850) to future conditions (2100). The responses of biogenic emissions, tropospheric composition, deposition, and feedbacks to changes in land use, vegetation, and anthropogenic emissions will be simulated with fully coupled biosphere-atmosphere model system (NCAR's Community Earth System Model, CESM). The current-generation scheme for SOA processing will be expanded to treat atmospheric aging and resulting functionalization and fragmentation. The new scheme will be tested against field observations and sensitivities to various poorly constrained factors will be quantified. The impacts of O3 damage to vegetation will be incorporated into the land model and the potential direct impacts of O3 on biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions will be evaluated. Analysis of the impacts of historical land use change will focus primarily on the southeastern United States (US) where temperature trends have been tentatively attributed to changing vegetation and SOA. This part of the investigation will draw on results of the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) field campaign should it be funded. This effort will help resolve outstanding factors that control tropospheric concentrations of O3 and SOA.The research will address social- and policy-related issues relevant to understanding major drivers of future air quality and associated impacts on public health. In addition, this effort will develop a next-generation scheme that explicitly evaluates the atmospheric aging of SOA for general application in global models. The research will support and contribute to the education of a graduate student and postdoctoral fellow. A graduate-level class will be developed to further explore biosphere-atmosphere interactions in the classroom setting. Finally, the research activities will be tied to an outreach project through the Boston Museum of Science in which undergraduate summer students will work on the museum's Current Science and Technology exhibits to bring atmospheric chemistry research to the public.

这项研究工作将研究土地利用变化对大气组成的影响，主要关注臭氧（O3）和二级有机气溶胶（SOA），从工业前（1850年）到未来的条件（2100）。生物学排放，对流层组成，沉积和反馈对土地使用，植被和人为排放的变化的反应将使用完全耦合的生物圈 - 大气模型系统（NCAR的社区地球系统模型，CESM）模拟。 SOA处理的当前生成方案将扩展，以治疗大气老化以及由此产生的功能化和破碎化。将对新方案进行现场观察结果和对各种约束因素不良因素的敏感性的测试。 O3对植被的影响将纳入陆地模型，并将评估O3对生物挥发性有机化合物（BVOC）排放的潜在直接影响。对历史土地使用变化的影响的分析将主要集中在美国东南部（美国），温度趋势暂时归因于植被和SOA的变化。该调查的这一部分将借鉴南部氧化剂和气溶胶研究（SOAS）现场运动的结果。这项工作将有助于解决控制对流层浓度O3和SOA的杰出因素。该研究将解决与了解未来空气质量的主要驱动因素以及对公共卫生的相关影响有关的与社会和政策有关的问题。此外，这项工作将制定下一代方案，该方案明确评估SOA在全球模型中的一般应用中的大气老化。这项研究将支持并为研究生和博士后研究员的教育做出贡献。将开发研究生级的类别，以进一步探索课堂环境中的生物圈 - 大气相互作用。最后，研究活动将与波士顿科学博物馆的外展项目相关联，夏季学生将在博物馆的当前科学技术展览中工作，以将大气化学研究带到公众。