Impacts of the Biosphere on Global Tropospheric Chemistry and Climate

生物圈对全球对流层化学和气候的影响

• 批准号: 1238109
• 负责人: Colette Heald
• 金额: $ 46.89万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1238109&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Impacts; Biosphere; Global; Tropospheric; Chemistry

This research effort will investigate impacts of land use change on atmospheric composition with a primary focus on ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from pre-industrial (1850) to future conditions (2100). The responses of biogenic emissions, tropospheric composition, deposition, and feedbacks to changes in land use, vegetation, and anthropogenic emissions will be simulated with fully coupled biosphere-atmosphere model system (NCAR's Community Earth System Model, CESM). The current-generation scheme for SOA processing will be expanded to treat atmospheric aging and resulting functionalization and fragmentation. The new scheme will be tested against field observations and sensitivities to various poorly constrained factors will be quantified. The impacts of O3 damage to vegetation will be incorporated into the land model and the potential direct impacts of O3 on biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions will be evaluated. Analysis of the impacts of historical land use change will focus primarily on the southeastern United States (US) where temperature trends have been tentatively attributed to changing vegetation and SOA. This part of the investigation will draw on results of the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) field campaign should it be funded. This effort will help resolve outstanding factors that control tropospheric concentrations of O3 and SOA.The research will address social- and policy-related issues relevant to understanding major drivers of future air quality and associated impacts on public health. In addition, this effort will develop a next-generation scheme that explicitly evaluates the atmospheric aging of SOA for general application in global models. The research will support and contribute to the education of a graduate student and postdoctoral fellow. A graduate-level class will be developed to further explore biosphere-atmosphere interactions in the classroom setting. Finally, the research activities will be tied to an outreach project through the Boston Museum of Science in which undergraduate summer students will work on the museum's Current Science and Technology exhibits to bring atmospheric chemistry research to the public.

这项研究工作将调查土地利用变化对大气成分的影响，主要集中在从工业化前(1850)到未来条件(2100)的臭氧(O3)和次生有机气溶胶(SOA)。生物排放、对流层组成、沉积和反馈对土地利用、植被和人为排放变化的响应将使用完全耦合的生物圈-大气模式系统(NCAR的社区地球系统模型，CESM)进行模拟。当前一代的SOA处理方案将扩展到处理大气老化以及由此产生的功能化和碎片化。新方案将根据现场观测进行测试，并将量化对各种不佳约束因素的敏感性。臭氧对植被的破坏将被纳入土地模型，并将评估臭氧对生物挥发性有机化合物(BVOC)排放的潜在直接影响。对历史上土地利用变化的影响的分析将主要集中在美国东南部，那里的气温趋势暂时被归因于植被和SOA的变化。这部分调查将借鉴南方氧化剂和气溶胶研究实地活动的结果，如果得到资助的话。这一努力将有助于解决控制对流层臭氧和二氧化硫浓度的突出因素。这项研究将解决与社会和政策相关的问题，以了解未来空气质量的主要驱动因素及其对公众健康的相关影响。此外，这项工作将开发一种下一代方案，明确评估全球模型中普遍应用的SOA的大气老化。这项研究将为研究生和博士后的教育提供支持和贡献。将开设研究生级别的课程，以进一步探索课堂环境中的生物圈-大气相互作用。最后，研究活动将与波士顿科学博物馆的一个外展项目联系在一起，在该项目中，本科生暑期将在博物馆目前的科学和技术展品上工作，将大气化学研究带给公众。