Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Precarious Power: Ritual, refuse, and reuse at El Zotz, Peten, Guatemala

博士论文改进补助金:不稳定的权力:危地马拉佩滕埃尔佐茨的仪式、拒绝和重用

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    1240737
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 1.68万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2012-09-01 至 2014-02-28
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Under the guidance of Dr. Stephen Houston, Sarah Newman will investigate the relationship between ritual and refuse at the ancient Maya site of El Zotz, located near the large city of Tikal in the modern Department of Peten, Guatemala. The focal point of this project is an enigmatic "problematic deposit" found in the palace complex at El Zotz and dating to the Terminal Classic period (AD 850-1000). This large-scale deposit represents an unusual and widely variable combination of human, faunal, ceramic, and lithic remains, questioning traditional dichotomies between ritual and secular, elite and commoner, and waste and value. In order to gain a better understanding of the human actions responsible for this complex archaeological assemblage, this project employs innovative methods for the examination of depositional and post-depositional processes, drawn from osteological studies but extended to all artifact categories in this research. The detailed assemblage and taphonomic analyses employed in this project will contribute to clarifications in defining and studying depositional behaviors through their traces in the archaeological record. The major aims of this research are to examine how specific materials and their depositional histories vary among types of archaeological discard and thereby recognize "signatures" of ritual and refuse deposits. These will provide concrete criteria that can aid archaeologists in interpreting difficult deposits, decrease the likelihood of either ignoring or over-identifying the remains of ritual practices, and enable inter- and intrasite comparisons between archaeological deposits that rely on more than qualitative assumptions or intuition. Moreover, this project highlights methods that have often been under-utilized by archaeologists, including analysis at the scale of the assemblage and the application of taphonomic techniques to artifact types beyond osteological remains. As such, this project will offer a means by which current categories may be reevaluated, perhaps allowing for a more informed view of the continuum of quotidian and ritual actions that entangles past objects, people, and places.The project will investigate three main hypotheses: (1) that the Terminal Classic "problematic deposit" at El Zotz was produced by the structured deposition of domestic or ceremonial refuse and intentional terminations of objects and architecture; (2) that this deposit represents a unique and intermediary type of ancient discard (the ritual reuse of refuse); and (3) that this example of large-scale investment in ritual practice at El Zotz was employed to reassert political authority and social integration during periods of potential instability (whether real or perceived). In order to test these hypotheses, Newman will use archaeological and taphonomic analyses to evaluate specific materials and depositional histories represented by refuse and ritual deposits in the El Zotz region, for comparison with the deposit in question. Attributes of individual specimens, including pre-depositional wear, fragmentation, weathering, and other natural and cultural modifications, will be used to identify the "signatures" of assemblages with clear behavioral correlates (such as middens or caches) and compare these with the less straightforward deposit, enabling an evaluation of its role in ancient Maya offering, discard, and ritual practices. The broader contexts of ritual deposits will also be explored to assess their role in reasserting political authority and maintaining social integration during periods of instability.International cooperation represents a major component of this research, in terms of fieldwork, analysis, and publications, as well as training provided for both American and Guatemalan archaeology students. This project also plays a part in strong public outreach and education efforts on behalf of the El Zotz Archaeological Project, including guided tours of the ruins of El Zotz for members from the local community of Cruce Dos Aguadas and training sessions and interpretive signs to inform local tour guides and visitors about the site and its place in Maya history. As the sites in the El Zotz region have suffered a long history of heavy looting, with incidents known from as recently as 2010, embracing the role of local communities in site management promotes stewardship of archaeological resources and the sustainable use of the ruins through eco-tourism. Finally, reconsidering the spectrum of depositional behaviors from refuse to ritual forces a reevaluation of trash as a cultural category, in both the past and the present. These issues not only resonate deeply with current concerns over waste management and environmental awareness, but also highlight the hidden potential of trash to offer insight into cultural systems of meaning and value.
在斯蒂芬·休斯顿博士的指导下,莎拉·纽曼将在埃尔佐茨古玛雅遗址调查仪式与垃圾之间的关系,该遗址位于现代危地马拉佩滕省蒂卡尔大城市附近。该项目的重点是在埃尔佐茨宫殿建筑群中发现的一个神秘的“有问题的矿床”,其历史可以追溯到古典末期(公元 850-1000 年)。 这一大规模矿藏代表了人类、动物、陶瓷和石器遗骸的不寻常且变化广泛的组合,对仪式与世俗、精英与平民、浪费与价值之间的传统二分法提出了质疑。 为了更好地了解造成这一复杂考古组合的人类行为,该项目采用创新方法来检查沉积和沉积后过程,这些方法取自骨学研究,但扩展到本研究中的所有文物类别。该项目中采用的详细组合和埋藏学分析将有助于通过考古记录中的痕迹来定义和研究沉积行为。这项研究的主要目的是研究不同类型的考古废弃物中特定材料及其沉积历史的差异,从而识别仪式和垃圾沉积物的“特征”。这些将提供具体的标准,帮助考古学家解释困难的沉积物,减少忽视或过度识别仪式实践遗迹的可能性,并能够在考古沉积物之间进行场间和场内比较,而不仅仅是定性假设或直觉。此外,该项目还强调了考古学家经常未充分利用的方法,包括组合规模的分析以及埋藏技术在骨学遗骸之外的文物类型中的应用。 因此,该项目将提供一种重新评估当前类别的方法,或许可以更明智地了解与过去的物体、人和地点纠缠在一起的日常和仪式行为的连续性。该项目将研究三个主要假设:(1)埃尔佐茨的终端经典“有问题的沉积物”是由家庭或仪式垃圾的结构化沉积以及物体和建筑的有意终止产生的; (2) 该沉积物代表了一种独特的中间类型的古代丢弃物(垃圾的仪式再利用); (3) 这个在埃尔佐茨大规模投资仪式实践的例子被用来在潜在的不稳定时期(无论是真实的还是感知的)重申政治权威和社会融合。 为了检验这些假设,纽曼将利用考古学和埋藏学分析来评估埃尔佐茨地区垃圾和仪式沉积物所代表的特定材料和沉积历史,以便与相关沉积物进行比较。单个标本的属性,包括沉积前的磨损、破碎、风化以及其他自然和文化变化,将用于识别具有明确行为相关性的组合的“特征”(例如墓穴或储藏室),并将其与不太直接的沉积物进行比较,从而评估其在古代玛雅祭祀、丢弃和仪式实践中的作用。还将探索仪式沉积物的更广泛背景,以评估它们在不稳定时期重申政治权威和维持社会融合方面的作用。国际合作是这项研究的一个重要组成部分,包括实地考察、分析和出版物,以及为美国和危地马拉考古学学生提供的培训。该项目还代表埃尔佐茨考古项目在强有力的公共宣传和教育工作中发挥了作用,包括为克鲁塞多斯阿瓜达斯当地社区的成员提供埃尔佐茨遗址的导游服务,以及向当地导游和游客介绍该遗址及其在玛雅历史中的地位的培训课程和解说标志。由于埃尔佐茨地区的遗址长期遭受严重掠夺,最近的事件始于 2010 年,因此让当地社区在遗址管理中发挥作用,可以促进考古资源的管理,并通过生态旅游实现遗址的可持续利用。 最后,重新考虑从拒绝到仪式的沉积行为范围,迫使我们重新评估过去和现在的垃圾作为一种文化类别。这些问题不仅与当前对废物管理和环境意识的关注产生了深刻的共鸣,而且还凸显了垃圾的隐藏潜力,可以帮助人们深入了解文化系统的意义和价值。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(0)
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Stephen Houston其他文献

More on the Language of Classic Maya Inscriptions
有关经典玛雅铭文语言的更多信息
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2001
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Stephen Houston;John Robertson;David Stuart
  • 通讯作者:
    David Stuart

Stephen Houston的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Stephen Houston', 18)}}的其他基金

Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: The Role of Writing in Tracing Social Interaction
博士论文改进奖:写作在追踪社会互动中的作用
  • 批准号:
    1821867
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.68万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Cause or Consequence? Planned Monumentality and Population Growth in the Middle Preclassic Maya Lowlands
博士论文改进补助金:原因还是结果?
  • 批准号:
    1023274
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.68万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Landscape Succession in Lowland Maya Archaeology
低地玛雅考古中的景观演替
  • 批准号:
    0840930
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.68万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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  • 批准号:
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博士论文改进奖:考古实践社区调查
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