Dimensions US-China: Collaborative Research: An integrated understanding of how polyploidy generates biodiversity

维度 中美：合作研究：对多倍体如何产生生物多样性的综合理解

• 批准号: 1241006
• 负责人: Tia-Lynn Ashman
• 金额: $ 106.83万
• 依托单位: University of Pittsburgh
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2018-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1241006&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dimensions; US; China; Collaborative; Research

All flowering plants are ancient and/or recent polyploids (possessing two or more copies of every chromosome as a result of whole genome duplication). This phenomenon is thought to be a main driver of biological adaptation and range expansion, yet exactly how polyploidy contributes to biodiversity, and which genomic mechanisms or functional traits underlie the success of polyploids, remain unanswered questions. The work will use the wild strawberry genus (Fragaria) to address long standing questions and test fundamental hypotheses. Through the use of deep phylogenetic and population genomic sampling combined with characterization of trait and gene expression under climatically diverse field gardens, the work will identify where functional/genetic diversity resides in a polyploid/diploid lineage, and inform efforts to predict the effect of whole genome duplication on ecological and evolutionary responses to environmental change in numerous other plant lineages. This project will accelerate our understanding of how polyploidy confers success, and how it contributes to biodiversity across geographic and evolutionary scales by tightly interlinking the ecological and genomic consequences of polyploidization. Moreover, this deeply integrated comparative study of the wild relatives of the cultivated strawberry will provide foundational knowledge on a species of world-wide economic importance. In addition, the research will contribute unparalleled resources that may be harnessed in efforts to ensure sustainability of strawberry and related crops such as cherry, peach, pear and apple, in the face of abiotic stress. The work will promote training by broad participation and international collaboration, and novel hands-on science curricula for middle school and undergraduate students.

所有开花植物都是古代和/或近代的多倍体（由于全基因组复制，每个染色体都有两个或更多个拷贝）。这种现象被认为是生物适应和范围扩张的主要驱动力，但多倍体究竟如何有助于生物多样性，以及多倍体成功的基因组机制或功能特征，仍然没有答案。这项工作将使用野生草莓属（Fragaria）来解决长期存在的问题并测试基本假设。通过使用深层系统发育和人口基因组采样结合气候多样性田间花园的性状和基因表达的表征，这项工作将确定功能/遗传多样性驻留在多倍体/二倍体谱系，并告知努力预测全基因组复制对生态和进化的影响许多其他植物谱系对环境变化的反应。该项目将加速我们对多倍体如何获得成功的理解，以及它如何通过将多倍体化的生态和基因组后果紧密联系起来来促进地理和进化尺度上的生物多样性。此外，这种对栽培草莓野生亲缘植物的深入综合比较研究将为一个具有世界经济重要性的物种提供基础知识。此外，这项研究将提供无与伦比的资源，可用于确保草莓和樱桃、桃、梨和苹果等相关作物在面临非生物胁迫时的可持续性。这项工作将通过广泛参与和国际合作促进培训，并为中学生和本科生提供新颖的实践科学课程。