CAREER: High Pressure Melting and Phase Transitions in Model Compositions of Earth's Core

职业：地核模型成分中的高压熔化和相变

• 批准号: 1243847
• 负责人: Andrew Campbell
• 金额: $ 47.91万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-05-01 至 2015-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1243847&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Pressure; Melting; Phase; Transitions

Many of the geological processes that are observed on the surface of the Earth are manifestations of processes occurring at great depth in the planet. Consequently it is important to understand the constitution and dynamics of the deep interior, as well as the evolution of these processes over time. It is known that the Earth?s innermost region, its core, is mostly iron, but the remaining 10% or so of its constitution is uncertain. Identifying this component of the core is key to answering a number of geophysical and geochemical questions about the origin, evolution, and dynamics of our planet?s interior; for example, the extent of oxidation/reduction and loss of volatiles during Earth formation, and the energetics of the processes generating the Earth?s magnetic field, are linked to the composition of the core. This project will allow us to better understand the Earth's core through experiments designed to measure the properties of iron-rich alloys at high pressures and high temperatures, comparable to the conditions that exist in the planet's deep interior. Specifically, in these experiments we will measure the temperatures of melting in candidate alloy compositions that represent proposed compositions of the core, and also determine the composition and structure of the solid phase(s) that coexist with the melt at high pressures. These data will allow us to test the plausibility of the candidate compositions of Earth's core. Diamond anvil cells, with infrared laser heating, are used to generate the high pressures (100 GPa) and temperatures (3000 K) necessary for the experiments. In the investigator's home laboratory, optical methods, including a newly developed method of measuring temperature distributions in the experiment, will be used to determine the temperatures at which melting and other phase transitions occur. Further characterization of these transitions will be performed using synchrotron X-ray sources to probe the structure of the samples in their high pressure, high temperature state. As part of their research training, students will benefit from participating in the development of improved techniques specific to these experiments. The greater educational aim of this CAREER project is to integrate this research, and teaching mineral physics, into a broad effort to expand the opportunities for geophysics education at the University of Maryland.

在地球表面上观察到的许多地质过程都是地球上深度发生的过程的表现。因此，重要的是要了解深层内部的构成和动态，以及这些过程的演变。众所周知，地球最内向的地区，其核心主要是铁，但其余的10％左右的构成尚不确定。识别核心的这一组成部分是回答有关我们地球内部的起源，进化和动态的许多地球物理和地球化学问题的关键；例如，地球形成过程中氧化/还原和挥发物的损失的程度，以及产生地球磁场的过程的能量，是否与核心的组成有关。该项目将使我们通过旨在测量高压和高温下铁富合金的性能的实验来更好地理解地球的核心，这与地球深内部的条件相当。具体而言，在这些实验中，我们将测量代表核心组成的候选合金组成中熔化的温度，并确定固相（S）的组成和结构，这些固相（S）在高压下与熔体并存。这些数据将使我们能够测试地球核心候选组成的合理性。 带有红外激光加热的钻石砧细胞用于产生实验所需的高压（100 GPA）和温度（3000 K）。在研究者的家庭实验室中，光学方法（包括一种新开发的测量实验中温度分布的方法）将用于确定发生熔化和其他相变的温度。这些转变的进一步表征将使用Synchrotron X射线源进行，以在高压高温状态下探测样品的结构。作为研究培训的一部分，学生将受益于参与这些实验特定的改进技术的开发。该职业项目的更大的教育目的是将这项研究和教授矿物质物理学融入一项广泛的努力，以扩大马里兰州大学地球物理教育的机会。