The Southern Ocean in a Warming World: Winds, Carbon and Heat

变暖世界中的南大洋：风、碳和热量

• 批准号: 1246247
• 负责人: Joellen Russell
• 金额: $ 32.33万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-15 至 2017-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1246247&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Southern; Ocean; Warming; World; Winds

The Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica is the primary portal through which the vast volume of the intermediate, deep, and bottom waters of the global ocean interact with the surface and thus the global atmosphere. This region has a profound influence on the Earth's climate, oceanic circulation and ecosystems. Current modeling and observational studies suggest that, despite occupying just over a quarter of the surface ocean area:? the Southern Ocean accounts for up to half of the annual oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide from the atmosphere? the Southern Ocean accounts for about 70% ± 30% of the excess heat that is transferred from the atmosphere into the ocean each year; and? the Southern Ocean winds and buoyancy fluxes are the principal source of energy for driving the large-scale deep meridional overturning circulation throughout the global ocean.There are notable inconsistencies in the simulations of the circulation in this complex and underobserved region in the latest generation of EaSMs (earth systems models). These include the sensitivity of Southern Ocean circulation to changes in anthropogenic CO2 uptake, heat and wind variability. Westerly wind variability in turn has been linked to the state of the polar ozone hole. The project seeks to analyze the output of various IPCC-AR5 ESM runs to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the models in comparison with most recent data sources. Using two GFDL ESMs, four model sensitivity runs will also be conducted, which will seek to quantify the role of westerlies in the uptake of carbon and heat in the Southern Ocean.

环绕南极洲的南大洋是全球海洋中大量的中层、深层和底层沃茨与地表以及全球大气相互作用的主要门户。该区域对地球的气候、海洋环流和生态系统有着深远的影响。目前的模拟和观测研究表明，尽管占据了海洋表面面积的四分之一多一点：？南大洋占海洋每年从大气中吸收的人为二氧化碳的一半？南大洋占每年从大气转移到海洋的多余热量的70% ± 30%;南大洋的风和浮力通量是驱动全球大尺度深纬向翻转环流的主要能量来源，最新一代地球系统模式（EaSMs）对这一复杂且观测不足的区域的环流模拟存在明显的不一致性。这些因素包括南大洋环流对人为CO2吸收、热和风变率变化的敏感性。西风的变化反过来又与极地臭氧洞的状况有关。该项目旨在分析各种IPCC-AR 5无害环境管理运行的输出，以确定与最新数据源相比模型的优势和劣势。使用两个GFDL ESM，还将进行四次模型敏感性运行，这将寻求量化西风带在南大洋吸收碳和热量中的作用。