Collaborative Research: CO2 Leakages as Cold-Geysers and Diffusive CO2 Transport: Continuous Monitoring of in-situ P, T, Chemistry, and CO2 Flux with Numerical Verification

合作研究：冷间歇泉二氧化碳泄漏和二氧化碳扩散传输：通过数值验证连续监测原位 P、T、化学和 CO2 通量

• 批准号: 1246404
• 负责人: Weon Shik Han
• 金额: $ 15.71万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-04-01 至 2016-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1246404&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; CO2; Leakages; Cold

Global climate change due to the rise in anthropogenic CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere and resulting necessity for the reduction of CO2 emissions is the general scientific consensus. One method for mitigating CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere is to capture CO2 from its sources and sequester it into the subsurface. However, if the stored CO2 reaches highly permeable conduits such as faults and fractures, CO2 could leak unabated to other formations or to the surface. The addressed eruptive mechanisms are analogues to natural CO2 eruption mechanisms, which are found in CO2-driven cold-water geysers around the world. In this project, phenomenological CO2 leakages from cold-water geysers, springs, and diffusive CO2 transport will be investigated by collecting continuous datasets of in-situ P, T, water chemistry (pH, EC, dissolved oxygen, and total dissolved gas) adjacent to the Little Grand and Salt Wash fault systems in Utah. Specific project goals include (1) identification of the original CO2 sourcing and (2) the causes of cyclic patterns observed at cold-water geysers and diffusive soil CO2 flux. In addition, (3) the role of fault systems on these cold-water geysers and soil CO2 flux patterns will be investigated. Part I of the project specifically focuses on understanding the eruption characteristics of CO2-driven cold-water geysers (Crystal and Tenmile geysers). Part II focuses on characterizing the short (daily)- and long-term (month) variations of diffusive soil CO2 flux on the fault systems. In Part III, the numerical simulations will be conducted to validate the dynamic setting of CO2 eruption at the geysers and diffusive CO2 flux from soils. The project involves societal issues of the importance of CO2 flux, which is considered to be the most critical component for global climate change and the carbon cycle. Understanding CO2-driven cold-water geyser eruptions will be important in the next decade for testing the feasibility of safe storage of the sequestered CO2. Specifically, the advanced understanding of thermophysical changes in cold-water geyser eruptions will help design the operational and reservoir conditions preventing the potential catastrophic CO2 leakage from the storage formation and develop the in-situ optimum sensors to track the subsurface CO2 plume migration at the engineered geologic CO2 storage site. Finally, scientific communities who study hot-water geyser eruption, the well blow-out processes in the petroleum field, and volcanology eruptions will be interested in finding similarities of eruption patterns/periods and the role of CO2.

全球气候变化是由于大气中人为CO2浓度的上升以及由此产生的减少CO2排放的必要性是普遍的科学共识。降低大气中CO2浓度的一种方法是从其来源捕获CO2并将其隔离到地下。然而，如果储存的CO2到达高渗透性管道，如断层和裂缝，CO2可能会泄漏到其他地层或地表。所解决的喷发机制类似于天然CO2喷发机制，这是在世界各地的CO2驱动的冷水间歇泉中发现的。在这个项目中，现象CO2泄漏冷水间歇泉，泉水，扩散CO2运输将通过收集连续数据集的原位P，T，水化学（pH值，EC，溶解氧，总溶解气体）相邻的小格兰德和盐洗断层系统在犹他州。具体的项目目标包括：（1）确定最初的CO2来源和（2）在冷水间歇泉和扩散性土壤CO2通量中观察到的循环模式的原因。此外，（3）断层系统对这些冷水间歇泉和土壤CO2通量模式的作用将被研究。该项目的第一部分特别侧重于了解CO2驱动的冷水间歇泉（水晶和Tenmile间歇泉）的喷发特征。第二部分重点描述断层系统上扩散土壤CO2通量的短期（每日）和长期（月）变化。在第三部分中，将进行数值模拟，以验证在间歇泉和扩散的CO2通量的CO2喷发的动力学设置。该项目涉及二氧化碳通量重要性的社会问题，二氧化碳通量被认为是全球气候变化和碳循环的最关键组成部分。了解二氧化碳驱动的冷水间歇泉喷发将是重要的，在未来十年测试的可行性安全存储的封存的二氧化碳。具体而言，在冷水间歇泉喷发的热物理变化的先进的理解将有助于设计的操作和水库条件，防止潜在的灾难性的CO2泄漏的存储形成和开发原位最佳传感器，以跟踪地下CO2羽流迁移在工程地质CO2存储站点。最后，研究热水间歇泉喷发、油田井喷过程和火山学喷发的科学界将有兴趣找到喷发模式/时期的相似之处和CO2的作用。