Collaborative Research: ORCC: Carbon fixation in future oceans: experimental adaptation of algal and cyanobacterial CO2-concentrating mechanisms to a changing climate

合作研究：ORCC：未来海洋的碳固定：藻类和蓝藻二氧化碳浓缩机制对气候变化的实验适应

• 批准号: 2222519
• 负责人: Boswell Wing
• 金额: $ 21.85万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-01-01 至 2025-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2222519&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; ORCC; Carbon; fixation

Photosynthetic marine microorganisms, or phytoplankton, use carbon dioxide to build their biomass. When phytoplankton die and sink, they transfer this carbon to the deep ocean, sequestering it away from the atmosphere. This process, known as the biological pump, has tempered the effect of climate change through the absorption of anthropogenic carbon dioxide. The efficiency of the biological pump – and the ocean’s continued ability to absorb carbon dioxide in the future – will depend on the ability of different phytoplankton groups to adapt to effects of climate change, such as warming and acidification. In order to quantify how the cumulative effects of subcellular processes will determine the amount of carbon dioxide phytoplankton use in future oceans, this research tests the adaptability of different phytoplankton groups to the expected conditions in year 2100 and year 2500 oceans. This project will train a postdoctoral researcher, a Ph.D. student, four summer undergraduate interns, and support the professional development of a female, first-time investigator, and early career researcher in collaboration with a senior scientist. The work will promote innovative solutions to societal challenges through the operation and improvement of a national mentoring program designed to increase diversity in climate related fields by providing students interested in pursuing graduate degrees in climate and Earth sciences with mentors to support their career development. Carbon fixation in today’s oceans proceeds through CO2-concentration mechanisms (CCMs) that improve the efficiency of carbon fixation by increasing CO2 concentrations at site of carbon fixation. CCMs have evolved independently within different groups of phytoplankton resulting in distinct types of CCMs with convergent functions. Continued anthropogenic CO2 emissions are forcing phytoplankton to adapt to the impacts of climatic change at an accelerating pace. Individual components of CCMs are known to respond to the effects of climate change including pH, the concentration of dissolve inorganic carbon, and temperature. The cumulative response of CCMs at the subcellular level represents the organismal response of phytoplankton to climate change, with direct implications for the efficiency of carbon fixation in future oceans. The primary goal of this project is to quantify the adaptive response of CCMs to the selective drivers of climate change through the experimental evolution of five phytoplankton groups with distinct CCMs, including a diatom, dinoflagellate, green alga, coccolithophore, and a cyanobacterium. Specific project objectives include 1) quantify the plastic and adaptive carbon fixation response of relevant marine phytoplankton to multiple ‘year 2100’ climate change stressors; 2) quantify the plastic and adaptive carbon fixation response of relevant marine phytoplankton to multiple climate change stressors in an extreme (‘year 2500’) scenario; and 3) resolve how the subcellular components contribute to the organismal CCM response of phytoplankton that underlies the ecosystem-scale impact of carbon fixation in future oceans.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

光合作用的海洋微生物，或浮游植物，利用二氧化碳来建立它们的生物量。当浮游植物死亡和下沉时，它们将这些碳转移到深海，将其与大气隔离开来。这一过程被称为生物泵，通过吸收人为的二氧化碳来缓和气候变化的影响。生物泵的效率——以及海洋在未来继续吸收二氧化碳的能力——将取决于不同浮游植物群适应气候变化影响的能力，比如变暖和酸化。为了量化亚细胞过程的累积效应将如何决定未来海洋中浮游植物对二氧化碳的利用量，本研究测试了不同浮游植物群对2100年和2500年海洋预期条件的适应性。该项目将培养1名博士后研究员、1名博士生、4名暑期本科生实习生，并与1名资深科学家合作，支持1名女性、首次研究人员和早期研究人员的专业发展。这项工作将通过运营和改进一项国家指导计划，促进社会挑战的创新解决方案，该计划旨在通过为有兴趣攻读气候和地球科学研究生学位的学生提供导师来支持他们的职业发展，从而增加气候相关领域的多样性。今天海洋中的碳固定是通过二氧化碳浓度机制（CCMs）进行的，该机制通过增加碳固定地点的二氧化碳浓度来提高碳固定的效率。ccm在不同的浮游植物群中独立进化，导致不同类型的ccm具有收敛的功能。持续的人为二氧化碳排放正迫使浮游植物以更快的速度适应气候变化的影响。已知CCMs的各个组成部分对气候变化的影响有响应，包括pH值、溶解无机碳的浓度和温度。CCMs在亚细胞水平上的累积响应代表了浮游植物对气候变化的有机体响应，对未来海洋的碳固定效率具有直接影响。该项目的主要目标是通过对硅藻、鞭毛藻、绿藻、球石藻和蓝藻等五种具有不同ccm的浮游植物群的实验进化，量化ccm对气候变化选择性驱动因素的适应性响应。具体项目目标包括：1)量化相关海洋浮游植物对多个“2100年”气候变化压力源的可塑性和适应性固碳响应；2)量化极端情景（“2500年”）下相关海洋浮游植物对多种气候变化压力源的可塑性和适应性固碳响应；3)研究亚细胞组分如何促进浮游植物的有机CCM响应，这是未来海洋碳固定生态系统规模影响的基础。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。