Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Price Elasticity of R&D: Evidence From State Tax Policies
博士论文研究:R 的价格弹性
基本信息
- 批准号:1246482
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 1.2万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2013
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2013-02-01 至 2013-07-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
In tax year 2008 the federal research and development (R&D) tax credit paid out over $8 billion to businesses, which was 7% of total federal expenditures on research. The intent of the tax credit is to provide an incentive for firms to raise their private level of R&D funding. This project will investigate how effective tax incentives are at increasing R&D. This evaluation is difficult because, while we can observe R&D spending before and after a tax policy change, we can only speculate on what R&D would have been without the tax policy change. Because policymakers implement tax incentives in response to current and/or expected economic conditions, a simple comparison of R&D before and after a tax incentive is implemented will lead to inaccurate inferences about the effects of the tax incentive. For example, if R&D in a given year is low, then policymakers may respond with a tax incentive. While a rebound in the following year could be due to the tax incentive, it might also reflect R&D simply returning to its mean value. Alternatively, policymakers might foresee a decline in R&D and implement a tax incentive to prevent the decline. Subsequently observing no change in R&D after the tax incentive takes place would be evidence supporting the efficacy of the tax incentive.To correct for the endogeneity of tax incentives, we will use state-level tax variation driven by changes in the U.S. federal R&D tax credit. While state governments are attentive to state-level economic conditions when forming their idiosyncratic state-level tax policies, the federal government sets a uniform national tax policy and is less attentive to individual state economic conditions. In addition, changes in the federal R&D tax credit have differential impacts on state-level tax incentives across states due to the interaction of federal and state taxes. These two features imply a regression mode that can generate an unbiased estimate of the effect of tax incentives on R&D.Broader Impacts: This study will make several important contributions, in addition to supporting the training of a doctoral candidate. First, the project will create a dataset on state corporate tax laws that will be more detailed than any existing dataset on state R&D tax incentives. These data will allow a descriptive analysis of how the overall tax burden for R&D has changed over time and across states/regions. Second, the project will generate an unbiased estimate of how tax incentives affect R&D. The final contribution will be an estimate of the endogeneity bias driven by self-selection of tax policies, which will help future economic research on tax incentives and uncover evidence on mechanisms behind the implementation of tax policies.
在2008纳税年度,联邦研究与开发(R D)税收抵免向企业支付了80多亿美元,占联邦研究总支出的7%。税收抵免的目的是激励企业提高其私人研发资金水平。本研究将探讨如何有效的税收激励措施,在增加研发。这种评估是困难的,因为,虽然我们可以观察R D支出前后的税收政策的变化,我们只能推测什么R D本来没有税收政策的变化。由于政策制定者根据当前和/或预期的经济状况实施税收激励,因此简单地比较税收激励实施前后的研发将导致对税收激励效果的不准确推断。例如,如果某一年的研发水平较低,那么决策者可能会采取税收激励措施。虽然第二年的反弹可能是由于税收激励,但也可能反映了研发只是回到其平均值。或者,决策者可能预见到研发的下降,并实施税收激励措施以防止下降。如果在实施税收优惠后,R D没有发生变化,则可以证明税收优惠的效果。为了修正税收优惠的内隐性,我们使用由美国联邦R D税收抵免的变化引起的州级税收变化。州政府在制定其独特的州一级税收政策时关注州一级的经济状况,而联邦政府制定统一的国家税收政策,而不太关注各州的经济状况。此外,由于联邦和州税收的相互作用,联邦研发税收抵免的变化对各州的州一级税收优惠产生不同的影响。这两个功能意味着一个回归模式,可以产生一个公正的估计税收优惠政策对研发的影响。更广泛的影响:这项研究将作出几个重要的贡献,除了支持博士生的培训。首先,该项目将创建一个关于州公司税法的数据集,该数据集将比任何现有的关于州研发税收优惠的数据集更详细。这些数据将允许对研发的总体税收负担如何随时间和各州/地区的变化进行描述性分析。第二,该项目将对税收激励如何影响研发进行无偏估计。最后的贡献将是对税收政策自我选择驱动的内生偏差的估计,这将有助于未来对税收激励措施的经济研究,并揭示税收政策实施背后机制的证据。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Linda Cohen其他文献
Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase from porcine liver. Interaction between the dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities of the multifunctional enzyme.
来自猪肝脏的亚甲基四氢叶酸脱氢酶-亚甲基四氢叶酸环化水解酶-甲酰四氢叶酸合成酶。
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
1978 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Linda Cohen;Robert E. MacKenzie - 通讯作者:
Robert E. MacKenzie
A Planned “Disaster” as Training for Emergencies in the Dietetic Service
- DOI:
10.1016/s0002-8223(21)23230-6 - 发表时间:
1961-05-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
Stanley R. Kurtzman;Linda Cohen - 通讯作者:
Linda Cohen
Science: Critical to <em>patient care</em>
- DOI:
10.1016/j.mnl.2006.04.003 - 发表时间:
2006-06-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
Rose Rivers;Linda Cohen;Colleen Counsell - 通讯作者:
Colleen Counsell
Diabetes Nurse Leadership Group: A Forum for Improving Diabetes Care
- DOI:
10.1016/j.pedn.2012.03.016 - 发表时间:
2012-06-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
Dawn Hagerty;Linda Cohen;Sandy Hirsch;Maria Yomtov - 通讯作者:
Maria Yomtov
Information Resources
- DOI:
10.1080/08956308.2005.11657297 - 发表时间:
2005-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:2.2
- 作者:
Linda Cohen - 通讯作者:
Linda Cohen
Linda Cohen的其他文献
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