Validation of the Child Affective Facial Expressions Set (CAFE)

情绪化的面部表情对我们人类来说是非常特殊的。我们一天可能会看到几百张脸，一生中可能会看到几百万张脸。它们可以告诉我们什么时候情况是安全的或危险的，它们可以给我们关于如何在日常社会交往中表现的重要信息。许多对研究人类情感感兴趣的研究人员依赖于成年人摆出各种情感面部表情的照片。虽然这些照片集为我们提供了一个研究情绪的有用工具，但它们的局限性在于它们通常只包括一个特定人群的照片-即白人成年人。目前的建议介绍了一个全新的情感面部表情集-儿童情感面部表情集（CAFE）。CAFE系列包括190名学龄前儿童的照片，这些照片表现了6种基本情绪-悲伤，快乐，惊讶，愤怒，厌恶和恐惧-加上中性表情。这一套也是种族和民族多样化，具有高加索，非洲裔美国人，亚洲，拉丁美洲（西班牙裔）和南亚（印度/孟加拉国/巴基斯坦）儿童。拟议的实验旨在验证这一套，以便它可以传播到更大的研究界。在两个实验中，4-5-，6-7-，8-9-和10-11岁的儿童和一组成年人将被要求识别两次集合中的每个面部表情。根据这些评分，将为每个面部表情计算有效性分数（每个参与者的准确性）和可靠性分数（每个参与者在两个评分之间的一致性）。一旦收集到数据，CAFE集将免费提供给科学界作为研究工具。鉴于情绪面部表情研究的突出地位，这套刺激将促进科学基础设施，并可能有助于心理学研究的几个领域，包括发展，社会，认知和临床。总的来说，这些发现将导致一个受控的，有效的刺激集学龄前儿童作出各种情绪面部表情。最终，使用这一组的研究可以为我们了解人类情感提供重要的见解。

Emotional facial expressions are very special for us as humans. We might see hundreds of faces in the course of a day and millions in the course of a lifetime. They can tell us when a situation is safe or risky, and they can give us important information about how to behave in everyday social interactions. Many researchers interested in studying human emotions rely on sets of photographs of adults posing the various emotional facial expressions. Although these sets provide us with a useful tool for studying emotions, they are limited in that they generally only include photographs of one specific demographic -- namely Caucasian adults. The current proposal introduces a brand new set of emotional facial expressions -- The Child Affective Facial Expression set (CAFE). The CAFE set includes photographs of 190 preschool children posing for 6 basic emotions -- sadness, happiness, surprise, anger, disgust, and fear -- plus a neutral expression. The set is also racially and ethnically diverse, featuring Caucasian, African American, Asian, Latino (Hispanic), and South Asian (Indian / Bangladeshi / Pakistani) children. The proposed experiments are aimed at validating this set so that it can be disseminated to the greater research community. In two experiments, 4-5-, 6-7-, 8-9- and 10-11-year-old children and a group of adults will be asked to identify each facial expression in the set twice. From these ratings a validity score (the accuracy of each participant) and a reliability score (the consistency of each participant between the two ratings) will be calculated for each facial expression. Once the data have been collected, the CAFE set will be made available for free to the scientific community to use as a research tool. Given the prominence of research on emotional facial expressions, this stimulus set will promote scientific infrastructure and could contribute to several domains of psychological research, including developmental, social, cognitive, and clinical. Collectively the findings will result in a controlled, validated stimulus set of preschool-aged children making a variety of emotional facial expressions. Ultimately, research using this set could provide us with important insights into how we come to understand human emotions.