Collaborative Research: Upper ocean heat flux in the Eurasian Basin: Oceanic thermodynamic forcing contributing to Arctic ice loss

提供资金以发展对欧亚盆地东部（30oE）大西洋水（AW）向上输送热量的机制和量级的理解，以便在不同的大尺度气候变率情景下对不同的大西洋水（AW）侧向输入进行准确的预测。具体目标是：1。评价和改进双扩散对流（DDC）热盐通量的参数化，包括DDC热通量对增加的速度剪切（如平均流量、潮汐）的敏感性；2 .利用所有可用的北极东部微观结构、冰系线剖面仪（ITP）和电导率-温度-深度（CTD）数据绘制DDC参数的空间分布；利用三维斜压、海洋/海冰耦合模式估算速度切变的空间分布，包括潮汐强迫；4 .评价湍流混合和DDC过程在形成EB上升通量中的相对作用；估算DDC和分层和剪切反馈对EB水文结构的影响（通过模拟）；andO6。估算侧向侵入热通量，评估其在海洋内部通风中的作用。pi建议对一套现有的垂直分辨率较高的水文数据进行高级分析。微观结构、CTD、ITP和MacLane系泊剖面仪？利用近十年来国际社会收集的独特的EB数据集。一个具有活跃海冰的高分辨率三维区域海洋模型将用于从平均流、漩涡和潮汐中量化上层海洋剪切，并为研究模拟通量对DDC、剪切诱导湍流和DDC/剪切耦合参数化的敏感性提供工具。

Funds are provided to develop understanding of the mechanisms and magnitude of heat transport upward from the Atlantic Water (AW) in the eastern (30oE) Eurasian Basin (EB), to the point where accurate projections can be made for varying lateral input of AW under different scenarios of large-scale climate variability. Specific objectives are:O1. To evaluate and improve parameterizations of heat and salt fluxes due to double-diffusive convection (DDC) including the sensitivity of DDC heat fluxes to added velocity shear (e.g., mean flow, tides);O2. To map the spatial distribution of DDC parameters using all available eastern Arctic microstructure, Ice-Tethered Profiler (ITP) and Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) data for 2007 and 2009;O3. To estimate the spatial distribution of velocity shear using a 3D baroclinic, coupled ocean/sea-ice model including tide forcing;O4. To evaluate the relative roles of turbulent mixing and DDC processes in shaping EB upward fluxes;O5. To estimate impact of DDC and feedbacks with stratification and shear on the hydrographic structure of the EB (via modeling); andO6. To estimate the lateral intrusive heat fluxes, assessing their role in ventilating the ocean interior.The PIs propose advanced analyses of a suite of existing hydrographic data with fine vertical resolution ? microstructure, CTD, ITP and MacLane moored profilers ? taking advantage of the unique EB dataset collected over the recent decade by the international community. A high-resolution 3D regional ocean model with active sea ice will be used to quantify upper ocean shear from mean flow, eddies and tides, and provide a tool for investigating sensitivity of modeled fluxes to parameterizations of DDC, shear-induced turbulence, and DDC/shear coupling.