CAREER: Supporting Fast-Response Medical Teams Through Interactive Information Displays

现代社会越来越依赖跨学科团队的工作，使用信息和通信技术(ICT)以高可靠性控制复杂系统(例如，在飞机驾驶舱、交通控制室和核电站)。这样的工程系统是确定性的，具有明确定义的正常运行状态和参数，使控制团队能够通过与ICT的直接交互来实现其目标。但是，当焦点是自然(即，社会或生活)系统而不是机器时，控制任务施加了完全不同的认知需求，这使得ICT的设计、开发和集成更具挑战性。高风险、快速反应的医学是与自然系统(患者)打交道的工作环境的一个例子，在这种环境中，对有效的ICT支持的需求与工程系统一样高。这项研究的目标是开发实时信息呈现的创新方法，以支持快速反应的跨学科医疗团队的情况感知和协作工作。特别是，PI将检查应该如何呈现特定于环境的信息来支持这种团队合作，同时考虑到团队成员的感知和认知限制。为此，她将侧重于评估儿科创伤和紧急复苏等高危医疗领域的危重患者的团队依赖和信息密集型过程。这项研究将涉及实地研究、医疗事件的视频审查、展示原型的设计和开发以及评估。项目成果将包括对快速反应医疗团队工作中意识的概念性和经验性理解，通过互动展示增强分布式认知的方法，从展示原型的开发中获得的经验教训，以提高对迅速展开的事件及其进展的认识，以及从在现实世界环境中评估这种原型的经验教训。更广泛的影响：这项研究将促进不同的科学领域并为其提供信息，包括依赖交互式信息展示的动态环境中的信息展示、工作条件限制了与信息系统的直接互动的人机互动、以及来自多个来源的数据的自动捕获和整合。由于这项研究跨越了许多学科的界限，它将成为一个综合的、跨学科的教育和推广计划的平台。

Modern society increasingly depends on the work of interdisciplinary teams using information and communication technology (ICT) to control complex systems with high reliability (for example, in airplane cockpits, traffic control rooms, and nuclear power plants). Engineered systems such as these are deterministic, with well-defined states and parameters of normal operation which allow control teams to achieve their goals through direct interaction with ICT. But when the focus is a natural (i.e., social or living) system rather than a machine, the control task imposes quite different cognitive demands which make the design, development, and integration of ICT more challenging. High-risk, fast-response medicine is an example of a work environment that deals with a natural system (the patient), where the need for effective ICT support is as high as for engineered systems. The goal of this research is to develop innovative approaches for real-time information presentation to support situation awareness and collaborative work by fast-response, interdisciplinary medical teams. In particular, the PI will examine how context-specific information should be presented to support such teamwork while accounting for team members' perceptual and cognitive limitations. To this end, she will focus on the team-dependent and information-intensive processes of evaluating critically ill patients in the high-risk medical domains of pediatric trauma and emergency resuscitation. The research will involve field studies, video review of medical events, design and development of display prototypes, and evaluation. Project outcomes will include conceptual and empirical understanding of awareness in fast-response medical teamwork, approaches for augmenting distributed cognition through interactive displays, lessons from the development of display prototypes for improving awareness of rapidly unfolding events and their progression, and lessons from evaluating such prototypes in real-world settings. Broader Impacts: The research will contribute to and inform diverse scientific fields, including information presentation in dynamic environments that rely on interactive information presentation, human-computer interaction where work conditions limit direct interaction with information systems, and the automatic capture and integration of data arriving from multiple sources. Because this research crosses many disciplinary boundaries, it will serve as a platform for an integrated and interdisciplinary education and outreach program.