CAREER: Bio-Adaptive Wireless Power Transfer and Signal Acquisition for Implantable Medical Devices

植入式医疗器械（IMD）可以极大地帮助管理健康和预防疾病。解剖学约束限制了IMD的尺寸，并且由于所需的大电池或感应供电天线，许多应用不可行。所提出的工作旨在提高无线功率传输效率并降低IMD中的功耗，从而增加可实现的植入深度并减小设备尺寸。两个主要创新将允许提高功率传输效率：（1）电磁IMD位置估计和（2）定向功率传输。IMD的位置将通过从跨越外部天线阵列的反向散射信号的变化中提取空间信息来估计。建议：通过利用放大器单边主义和差分天线来恢复反向散射信号;研究需要多少天线来估计IMD的位置;以及设计有效的算法来执行该位置估计。将功率引导至中间场中的IMD的电路和算法 其最近被证明是用于为大类IMD供电的最佳场状态。IMD应用中的功耗通常由信号采集主导。两个信号采集电路将实现更低的IMD功耗：（1）生物信号自适应放大器和（2）模数转换器（ADC）架构，用于在中等分辨率下实现更低的功耗。到目前为止，信息无损功率自适应仅在运动神经元检测应用中的ADC中得到证明。电路和算法推广的方法，放大器和更广泛的应用类别的建议。通过可重构电容阵列，逐次逼近型ADC中的电容失配将被减小，从而导致ADC面积和功耗的大幅降低。此外，一个低功耗的ADC架构的二进制搜索的时间delays.Broader的影响，这一计划的主要更广泛的影响将是使更小的IMD在更大的植入深度，从而使一个广泛的类新的IMD，如亚毫米植入药物输送设备和分布式神经传感器，这应该有非常积极的影响，在医疗保健。IMD位置和方向估计将允许更好地解释感测数据。所提出的ADC架构将在许多电子产品中非常有用，只要需要中等分辨率的低功耗ADC。研究结果将发表在主要期刊上。这项建议的一个主要部分是STEM推广计划，以扩大教授O？Drivel？s以前的K-12外展，这已收到书面赞扬，从加州州议会。

Intellectual Merit Implantable medical devices (IMDs) can greatly assist in managing health and preventing disease. Anatomical constraints limit the size of IMDs and many applications are infeasible due to the large required batteries or inductive powering antennas. The proposed work seeks to improve wireless power transfer efficiency and reduce power consumption in IMDs thereby increasing achievable implant depth and decreasing device size. Two major innovations will allow improved power transfer efficiency: (1) Electromagnetic IMD Location Estimation and (2) Directed Power Transmission. The location of the IMD will be estimated by extracting spatial information from variations in the backscattered signal across an external antenna array. It is proposed to: recover that backscattered signal by exploiting amplifier unilateralism and differential antennas; investigate how many antennas are required to estimate the location of the IMD; and to devise efficient algorithms to perform that location estimation. Circuits and algorithms to direct power to an IMD in the intermediate field which has been shown recently to be the optimum field regime for powering a broad class of IMDs are proposed. Power consumption in IMD applications is often dominated by signal acquisition. Two signal acquisition circuit thrusts will enable lower IMD power consumption: (1) Bio Signal Adaptive Amplifier and (2) Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) Architectures for lower power at moderate resolutions. Thus far information lossless power adaptation has been demonstrated only for ADCs in motor neuron sensing applications. Circuits and algorithms to generalize the method to amplifiers and to broader classes of applications are proposed. Capacitor mismatch in a successive approximation ADC will be reduced through a reconfigurable capacitor array leading to a substantial decrease in ADC area and power. Additionally, a low power ADC architecture based on binary search of time delays is proposed.Broader Impacts The primary broader impact of this program will be to enable smaller IMDs at greater implant depths thus enabling a broad class of new IMDs such as sub-mm implanted drug delivery devices and distributed neurosensors which should have very positive impacts in health care. The IMD location and orientation estimate will allow better interpretation of sensed data. The proposed ADC architectures will be useful in much of electronics, whenever moderate resolution low power ADCs are required. The findings will be published in leading journals. A major part of this proposal is the STEM outreach plan to expand Prof O?Driscoll?s previous K-12 outreach, which has received written commendation from the California State Legislature.