G8 Initiative: REO Kiln - Reduced Emission Cement: Cradle to Grave Material Applications and Accounting

这项NSF奖资助美国研究人员参加由八国集团研究理事会发起的“材料效率跨学科项目——迈向可持续制造的第一步”的竞争性项目。这是美国国家科学基金会、加拿大国家科学与工程研究委员会（NSERC）、法国国家研究局（ANR）、德国德国科学促进会（DFG）、日本科学促进会（JSPS）、俄罗斯基础研究基金会（RFBR）和英国研究委员会（RCUK）之间的试点合作。支持在竞争基础上选出的由至少三个伙伴国家的研究人员组成的合作研究项目。该奖项资助研究支持设计一个重新设计的水泥厂，提高材料效率，包括减少二氧化碳排放和加强废物处理。这些目标将通过重新设计制造工艺、加强废弃混凝土的再利用和再循环以及通过提高熟料的矿物特性来生产更持久的产品来实现。重新设计将在燃烧过程中用氧气代替空气。所需的烟气回收有利于二氧化碳的捕获以及替代燃料的扩展，特别是硫，它与石灰石反应产生石膏，这是水泥的一种成分。提高窑内的CO2分压足以改变工艺条件，从而改变反应顺序。回收也将作为一个单元过程进行研究，即利用大气中的二氧化碳将从废弃混凝土中浸出的石灰碳化。所产生的石灰石可以重新用作窑料或造纸工业的填料。改进的矿物质量源于更短，更热的火焰可能与氧气燃烧，导致更长的产品寿命。虽然生产氧气需要额外的能量，但优化将减少热负荷和二氧化碳排放。生命周期评估（LCA）将用于量化材料和能量流动，然后可以与现有的水泥制造工艺进行比较。如果取得成功，这种新型水泥制造工艺将通过扩大替代燃料组合来减少二氧化碳排放，这种替代燃料组合可以消耗自身的废物，为即将到来的与经合组织国家老化的基础设施和非经合组织国家日益增长的基础设施相关的挑战做出积极贡献。可持续发展至关重要，因为它是减少贫困、提高生活水平和减轻发展影响的唯一合乎道德的手段。

This NSF award funds U.S. researchers participating in a project competitively selected by the G8 Research Councils Initiative "Interdisciplinary Program on Material Efficiency - A first step towards sustainable manufacturing". This is a pilot collaboration among the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Canadian National Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), the German Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR),and the United Kingdom Research Councils (RCUK), supporting collaborative research projects selected on a competitive basis that are comprised of researchers from at least three of the partner countries. This award funds research supporting the design of a redesigned cement plant with improved material efficiency,including reduced carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and enhanced waste disposal. These objectives will be met by redesigning the manufacturing process, enhancing the re-use and recycling of waste concrete, and producing longer lasting products by enhancing the mineral properties of clinker. The redesign will replace air with oxygen in the combustion process. The required flue gas recycling facilitates the capture of carbon dioxide as well as the expansion of alternative fuels, in particular sulfur, which reacts with limestone to produce gypsum, a component of cement. Increasing the CO2 partial pressure within the kiln changes process conditions sufficiently to alter the reaction sequence. Recycling will also be investigated as a unit process that carbonates lime leached from waste concrete using atmospheric carbon dioxide. The resulting limestone can be re-used as kiln feed or as filler in the paper industry. Improved mineral quality is derived from the shorter, hotter flame possible with oxygen combustion, resulting in longer product life. While additional energy will be required to produce the oxygen, the optimization will reduce thermal load and carbon dioxide emissions. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) will be used to quantify material and energy flows, which can then be compared to existing cement manufacturing processes. If successful, the novel cement manufacturing process will provide a net reduction in carbon dioxide emissions using an expanded alternative fuel portfolio that consumes its own waste, making a positive contribution to the upcoming challenges related to an aging infrastructure in OECD countries, and growing infrastructure in non-OECD countries. Sustainable development is critical as it is the only ethical means to reduce poverty, raise living standards and mitigate the impacts of development.