Courtship Negotiation in a Life-history Context: Interaction between on- and off-lek Tactics in Sage-grouse

生活史背景下的求爱谈判：鼠尾草on-lek和off-lek策略之间的相互作用

• 批准号: 1258217
• 负责人: Gail Patricelli
• 金额: $ 47万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-03-01 至 2017-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1258217&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Courtship; Negotiation; Life; history; Context

Buyers and sellers negotiating in a market face a series of stages from partner choice to information gathering to haggling, etc., with the optimal decisions at each stage depending on both players' bargaining positions. These bargaining positions will depend on the players' assets (income and capital) and outside options for alternative buyers and sellers. Animals face similar decisions regarding courtship, including how much energy to acquire, who to court, how much information to gather, when to give up, etc. In the mating market, males and females haggle during courtship, with their bargaining positions determined by their assets (foraging success and body condition) as well as the number of alternative partners for each. Thus economic models of negotiation in a market provide a framework for viewing courtship as a process where males and females can use tactics to improve their negotiating outcome, using the resources they have available. This project explores this framework using greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) as a model species. New technology will allow experimental study of courtship and detailed observation of foraging behaviors in the wild, with minimal disturbance. Methods include presentations of interactive female robots, next-generation GPS loggers and accelerometers to measure off-lek foraging behaviors, as well as bioanalytical assays of the nutrition and toxicity of sagebrush that grouse prefer to consume. We expect to show that success in courtship, as in business, requires income and capital as well as skilled negotiation. Sage-grouse are a candidate species for listing as endangered. The PIs will conduct multimedia presentations on sage-grouse ecology and conservation for the public, and develop course materials and presentations for primary schools, tribal colleges and universities in sage-grouse habitat. Research by PIs will continue to directly inform sage-grouse conservation efforts. In addition, the PIs will continue to provide research opportunities for students (175 since 2006), including many from under-represented groups.

在市场中进行谈判的买卖双方面临着从选择合作伙伴到收集信息到讨价还价等一系列阶段，每个阶段的最优决策取决于双方的议价地位。这些议价位置将取决于球员的资产（收入和资本）以及其他买家和卖家的外部选择。动物在求偶时也面临类似的决定，包括获得多少能量、向谁求爱、收集多少信息、何时放弃等等。在交配市场上，雄性和雌性在求偶期间讨价还价，他们的讨价还价地位取决于他们的资产（觅食成功和身体状况）以及各自可选择伴侣的数量。因此，市场谈判的经济模型提供了一个框架，将求爱视为一个过程，在这个过程中，男性和女性可以使用策略来改善他们的谈判结果，利用他们现有的资源。本项目以大鼠尾草（Centrocercus urophasianus）为模型物种探索这一框架。新技术将使求偶实验研究和野外觅食行为的详细观察成为可能，而干扰最小。方法包括展示交互式雌性机器人，下一代GPS记录仪和加速度计，以测量松鸡的觅食行为，以及对松鸡喜欢食用的山艾草的营养和毒性进行生物分析分析。我们希望表明，求爱的成功，就像在商业中一样，需要收入和资本，以及熟练的谈判。艾草松鸡是列入濒危物种的候选物种。项目负责人将向公众介绍艾草的生态和保护情况，并为艾草栖息地的小学、部落学院和大学编写课程材料和报告。pi的研究将继续直接为艾草松鸡的保护工作提供信息。此外，pi将继续为学生提供研究机会（自2006年以来为175名），其中包括许多来自代表性不足的群体。