Evolutionary Mechanisms Influencing the Spread of Hybridization: Genomics, Fitness, and Dispersal

影响杂交传播的进化机制：基因组学、适应度和扩散

• 批准号: 1258203
• 负责人: Gordon Luikart
• 金额: $ 43.87万
• 依托单位: University of Montana
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-02-15 至 2018-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1258203&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Evolutionary; Mechanisms; Influencing; Spread; Hybridization

The researchers will use new genomic approaches to study hybridization between native cutthroat trout and introduced rainbow trout in the northern Rocky Mountains. Their primary goal is to understand how genetic and evolutionary processes influence hybridization within and among populations. This research will transform our understanding of the spread of hybridization by combining laboratory description of genomic variation, study of fitness in the wild, and description of dispersal rates of native and hybridized individuals in complex landscapes. This work will test for the presence of certain chromosomal regions that spread rapidly among populations because of natural selection, and will also test if increased dispersal by hybrids accelerates the spread of hybridization. Hybridization and species invasions provide exciting evolutionary experiments because natural selection on novel gene combinations can be studied in ecological time and in different environments. Hybridization between native and invasive species is one of the most serious threats to global biodiversity. The rate of hybridization is increasing with habitat degradation, translocations, and environmental change. Natural selection and dispersal by hybrids are thought to play key roles in the spread of hybridization. However, the mechanisms underlying this dramatic increase in hybridization and introgression remain unknown. These mechanisms can now be assessed using the application of thousands of genetic markers to assess the genomic basis of hybridization, fitness, and dispersal. The researchers have worked in collaboration for decades with tribal, state, and federal management agencies to conserve native cutthroat trout and protect them from hybridization with rainbow trout.

研究人员将使用新的基因组方法来研究北方落基山脉的本地切喉鳟鱼和引进的虹鳟鱼之间的杂交。 他们的主要目标是了解遗传和进化过程如何影响种群内和种群间的杂交。 这项研究将改变我们对杂交传播的理解，结合实验室对基因组变异的描述，对野外适应性的研究，以及对复杂景观中本地和杂交个体扩散率的描述。 这项工作将测试某些染色体区域的存在，这些区域由于自然选择而在种群中迅速传播，并且还将测试杂交的扩散是否加速了杂交的传播。 杂交和物种入侵提供了令人兴奋的进化实验，因为新基因组合的自然选择可以在生态时间和不同的环境中进行研究。 外来入侵物种与本地物种的杂交是全球生物多样性面临的最严重威胁之一。随着栖息地的退化、迁移和环境的变化，杂交率也在增加。 自然选择和杂交传播被认为在杂交传播中起着关键作用。 然而，这种杂交和基因渗入急剧增加的机制仍然未知。 这些机制，现在可以使用数以千计的遗传标记的应用程序进行评估，以评估杂交，健身和传播的基因组基础。 几十年来，研究人员一直与部落、州和联邦管理机构合作，以保护本地的割喉鳟鱼，并保护它们不与虹鳟鱼杂交。