Cultural Dynamics and Overlapping Interaction Spheres in the Marmara Lake Basin, Western Turkey

土耳其西部马尔马拉湖盆地的文化动态和重叠相互作用圈

• 批准号: 1261363
• 负责人: Christopher Roosevelt
• 金额: $ 20.21万
• 依托单位: Trustees of Boston University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2018-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1261363&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Cultural; Dynamics; Overlapping; Interaction; Spheres

With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Christopher H. Roosevelt and Dr. Christina Luke will lead a three-year interdisciplinary research project exploring the cultural dynamics of social and political groups active in western Turkey during the Middle and Late Bronze Ages of the second millennium BCE. The project focuses on the Marmara Lake Basin of the middle Gediz River valley, a strategic gateway linking Aegean and central Anatolian spheres of interaction, to understand the local development and nature of centralized political authority in the context of dynamic and wider interaction spheres to east and west. Through integration of non-invasive surface survey, excavation, and sample and object analyses at a network of recently discovered citadels and other sites in the study area, the project investigates political alliances and economic relationships during a time in which Minoan and Mycenaean polities thrived in the Aegean and the Hittites of central Anatolia grew from a local kingdom to a vast territorial empire. The largest and most complex site of the local network was Kaymakçý, and it was likely both the local capital as well as that of an independent kingdom and later Hittite vassal known as the Seha River Land. The 8.6 ha citadel dates to the second millennium BCE, during which time parts of it were burned at least once, and after which time it appears to have been abandoned forever, leaving well-preserved Bronze Age remains on the surface.These fundamental political and social processes are still at work in the Near East today and this archaeological project provides an excellent example to examine how they interact over an extended time period.The proposed work will integrate geophysical and soil-chemistry surveys, excavation, ceramic and stone material studies, and botanical, faunal, and other subsistence and environmental sample analyses to address spatial organization, subsistence practices, and modes of material production for understanding the dynamics of social complexity in areas of overlapping interaction spheres. Furthermore, this research in the middle Gediz River valley will complement ongoing work elsewhere in Bronze Age Anatolia. While the valley has always been acknowledged as an important, connective corridor between the Aegean and central Anatolia, it has remained a major gap in archaeological and geo-political understandings of Minoan, Mycenaean, local Anatolian, and Hittite interactions in western Anatolia. The project plans to fill this gap with the first new excavation project in the region since the 1950s.The broader impacts of the project include contributions to archaeological understandings of relationships between local communities, interregional interaction spheres, the spatial development of emergent political authorities, and the organizational characteristics of their subsistence management and material production activities. Additionally, the project will provide fieldwork opportunities and research topics for both American and foreign (especially Turkish) students. The educational impact of the project is of particular importance for contributing to archaeological heritage management in Turkey. With an American-Turkish team at both senior-researcher and student levels, and in cooperation with local representatives of the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the project will foment international collaboration in promoting global, interdisciplinary, scientific, and "best practice" anthropological approaches to the rich field that is the archaeology of Anatolia.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，克里斯托弗·H·罗斯福博士和克里斯蒂娜·卢克博士将领导一个为期三年的跨学科研究项目，探讨了公元前第二个千年的中期和晚期青铜时代活跃于西部土耳其的社会和政治团体的文化动态。该项目的重点是中部盖迪兹河谷的马尔马拉湖盆地，这是一个连接爱琴海和中部安纳托利亚互动领域的战略门户，以了解在动态和广泛的交互球的背景下，将集中政治权威的当地发展和性质与东方和西方的背景。通过在最近发现的城堡和研究区域的其他地点的网络中整合非侵入性地面调查，开挖和对象分析，该项目在Minoan和Mycenaean政治中调查了政治联盟和经济关系，在Minoan和Minoan和Mycenaean Politions在Aegean和Central Anatolia的Hittites中蓬勃发展，来自中部Anatolia的Hittites，从当地的王国中成长为一个广阔的王国，以实现广阔的王国。本地网络中最大，最复杂的遗址是凯马克西（Kaymakçý），它既可能是当地的首都，也是一个独立的王国，后来既被称为塞哈河土地。 8.6 ha城堡的历史可以追溯到公元前第二个千年，在此期间至少被烧毁一次，此后，它似乎永远被放弃了，保留良好的青铜时代仍在表面上仍然存在，这些基本的政治和社会过程在今天的近乎东部仍在工作中，这一既定时间都在整个档案中进行了互动，并提供了一个良好的工作。调查，开挖，陶瓷和石材材料研究以及植物学，动物以及其他生存和环境样本分析，以解决空间组织，生存实践和材料生产模式，以了解重叠相互作用球体领域中社会复杂性的动态。此外，这项在盖迪兹河谷中部的研究将补充阿纳托利亚青铜时代其他地方正在进行的工作。尽管山谷一直被认为是爱琴海和中部安纳托利亚中心之间的重要，相互联系的走廊，但它仍然是对米诺曼，迈锡尼，当地的安纳托利亚人，安纳托利亚当地和赫蒂特互动的考古和地缘政治理解的主要差距。该项目计划通过自1950年以来该地区的第一个新的发掘项目来填补这一空白。该项目的更广泛影响包括对当地社区，区域间互动领域之间关系的理解，新兴政治机构的空间发展以及其生产管理和物质生产活动的组织特征的贡献。此外，该项目将为美国和外国（尤其是土耳其）学生提供实地调查机会和研究主题。该项目的教育影响对于为土耳其的档案遗产管理做出贡献至关重要。该项目与高级研究员和学生级别的美国 - 土耳其团队都与土耳其文化和旅游部的当地代表合作，该项目将促进国际合作，以促进全球，跨学科，科学和“最佳实践”人类学方法，以实现Anatolia的考古学。