Collaborative Research: BRIDGES: Building Resources through Integrating Disciplines for Group Effectiveness in Science

为许多社会上最具挑战性的问题找到解决方案需要来自不同科学领域的个人团队的合作和整合。公共和私营部门花费了数百万美元，以支持拥有解决这些复杂问题的广泛和深入专业知识的科学家之间的研究合作。整合不同专业知识的一个日益普遍的方法是使用跨学科科学团队。尽管跨学科科学合作有许多成功的故事，但在许多情况下，这些团队未能成功地整合解决问题所需的知识也是事实。由于团队的组成、对管理协作的最佳做法缺乏了解，以及团队领导人是科学专家，但没有接受过领导不同专业团队的培训，不同科学家之间知识整合的目标往往难以实现。其后果可能是对科学努力的昂贵投资，而这些努力并没有获得预期的好处。至关重要的是，跨学科科学团队有能力进行合作并整合其知识。团队的整合能力是团队成功运作所必需的核心能力。整合能力是一种通过互动系统维持的能力，该系统将团队中的社会，心理和认知过程与紧急状态联系起来，可以为他们提供成功所需的资源。本研究探讨了团队整合能力的发展和随后的知识成果如何受到（1）跨越边界的领导行为和（2）沟通结构干预的影响。接触这些干预措施可以培养团队成员的跨学科智力取向，持久的价值观，信仰，技能和行为，支持与具有不同学科背景的队友合作，这反过来又促进了综合能力的发展。更广泛的影响。鉴于社会对跨学科科学团队在医学，教育，安全和技术等关键领域的发展的依赖，关于如何建立和保持这些团队的综合能力的理论和实践知识的发展势在必行。这项研究通过调查促进跨学科科学团队开发可用知识的结构，过程和干预措施，直接支持SciSIP计划和NSF的目标。首先，本研究揭示了领导者和沟通干预如何提高团队的综合能力和团队成员的跨学科智力取向，这两者都可以支持团队跨越边界工作，以产生新的解决方案，复杂的问题。第二，本研究中开发的培训材料和数字指标可以用来促进本研究所涵盖团队以外的团队的科学合作。从这项研究中获得的见解可以促进改善科学合作和由此产生的科学突破，这是跨学科科学团队的承诺。

Finding solutions for many of society's most challenging problems requires the collaboration and integration of teams of individuals from diverse fields of science. Millions of dollars are spent in the public and private sectors to support research collaborations among scientists who possess the breadth and depth of expertise to address these complex problems. An increasingly prevalent approach to integrating diverse expertise is the use of interdisciplinary science teams. Although interdisciplinary scientific collaboration has many success stories, it is also true that in many cases these teams fail to successfully integrating the knowledge needed to address a problem. The goal of knowledge integration among diverse scientists is often elusive due to the make-up of the teams, lack of understanding about best practices for managing collaborations, and team leaders who are scientific experts but have not been trained to lead diverse teams of professionals. The consequence can be a costly investment in scientific endeavors that do not reap the expected benefits. It is critical that interdisciplinary science teams have the capability to collaborate and integrate their knowledge. A team's integrative capacity is a core competence necessary for these teams to perform successfully. Integrative capacity is a capability that is sustained through an interactive system linking social, psychological, and cognitive processes and emergent states in the team that can provide them with the resources needed to succeed. This research investigates how the development of a team's integrative capacity and subsequent knowledge outcomes are impacted by: (1) boundary-spanning leadership behaviors and (2) communication structuring interventions. Exposure to these interventions can nurture team members' trans-disciplinary intellectual orientation, the enduring values, beliefs, skills, and behaviors that support collaboration with teammates who have diverse disciplinary backgrounds, which in turn fosters the development of integrative capacity. Broader Impact. Given the reliance of society on interdisciplinary science teams for advancement in key areas such as medicine, education, security, and technology, the development of theoretical and practical knowledge about how to build and maintain integrative capacity in these teams is imperative. This research directly supports the aims of the SciSIP program and the NSF by investigating the structures, processes, and interventions that facilitate the development of usable knowledge by interdisciplinary science teams. First, this study sheds light on how leader and communication interventions can enhance a team's integrative capacity and team members' trans-disciplinary intellectual orientation, both of which can support teams working across boundaries to generate new solutions to complex problems. Second, training material and digital metrics developed in this research can be leveraged to foster improved scientific collaboration in teams beyond those included in this study. The insights gained from this research can foster improved scientific collaboration and the resulting scientific breakthroughs that are the promise of interdisciplinary science teams.