Collaborative Research: Land Bridges, Ice-Free Corridors, and Biome Shifts: Impacts on the Evolution and Extinction of Horses in Ice-Age Beringia

合作研究：陆桥、不冻走廊和生物群落变化：对冰河时代白令陆桥马的进化和灭绝的影响

• 批准号: 1417611
• 负责人: Daniel Mann
• 金额: $ 54.27万
• 依托单位: University of Alaska Fairbanks Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-03-01 至 2020-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1417611&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Land; Bridges; Ice

Title: Land Bridges, Ice-Free Corridors, and Biome Shifts: Impacts on the Evolution and Extinction of Horses in Ice-Age BeringiaThis study asks: How important was connectivity among populations of large arctic mammal species for maintaining genetic diversity, influencing evolutionary change, and mitigating extinction risk? What types of barriers affected this connectivity, and how permeable were these barriers to gene flow? The PIs will study how caballine horses, that inhabited ice-age Beringia (the biogeographic connector between Asia and North America), were affected by changes involving three different biogeographic barriers/corridors (1. the Bering Strait/Bering Land Bridge, which controlled dispersal and gene flow between Eurasia and Alaska; 2. the Ice-Free Corridor, which controlled gene flow between the Yukon and the Lower 48 States; and 3. biome shifts that periodically disrupted the spatial continuity of the Mammoth-Steppe, the unique ecosystem that stretched from France to the Yukon during the ice ages) during the last 30,000 years of the ice age. This study will evaluate the effects that each of these putative barriers to gene flow had on the abundance, distribution, and evolutionary trajectories of ice-age horses in the Arctic using new paleogenomic and paleoenvironmental data. The results will provide new insights into the roles played by environmental change and population fragmentation in determining extinction risk, and help predict how ongoing environmental changes will affect arctic ecosystems. This project will lead to advances in the rapidly developing field of paleogenetics and further the brand-new discipline of paleogenomic ecology. The Broader Impacts plan focuses on: a) research and professional development opportunities for graduate students, b) new training opportunities for undergraduate students who aspire to become STEM high school teachers, c) outreach to Native communities in rural Alaska, and d) outreach to K-12 students in Fairbanks, AK. At the end of each summer, the pre-service teachers, graduate students, and PIs will produce an inquiry activity module for grades 9-12 to be shared with local schools. Finally, the PIs will engage in both professional and public discourse, and use the results in media productions.

标题：陆上桥，无冰的走廊和生物群落转移：对冰河造成生产力的马匹进化和灭绝的影响：大型哺乳动物种群之间的连通性在维持遗传多样性，影响进化变化和灭绝风险？哪些类型的障碍影响了这种连通性，这些基因流动的障碍有多渗透？ PI将研究居住在冰年龄的贝林亚（亚洲和北美之间的生物地理连接器）的Caballine马如何受到涉及三个不同的生物地理障碍/走廊的变化的影响（1。烧烤海峡/综合陆上桥梁，在Eunlask和Alaska之间控制着iCe-frove; 2。 3。生物群落转移，这在冰河时代的最后30，000年期间定期破坏了猛mm象 - 史蒂普的空间连续性，这是一个独特的生态系统。这项研究将评估这些假定的基因流对基因流对北极中冰年马匹的丰度，分布和进化轨迹的影响，使用新的古生物基因组和古环境数据。结果将为环境变化和人口分裂在确定消光风险中所扮演的角色提供新的见解，并有助于预测正在进行的环境变化将如何影响北极生态系统。该项目将导致迅速发展的古遗传学领域的进步，并进一步发展古生态学生态学的全新纪律。更广泛的影响计划的重点是：a）研究生的研究和专业发展机会，b）渴望成为STEM高中老师的本科生的新培训机会，c）与阿拉斯加农村地区的土著社区的宣传，d）d）向阿克斯加费尔班克斯的K-12学生推出。每年夏天结束时，职前教师，研究生和PI将为9 - 12年级的询问活动模块与当地学校共享。最后，PI将同时进行专业和公共讨论，并将结果在媒体制作中使用。

项目成果

Life and extinction of megafauna in the ice-age Arctic

冰河时代北极巨型动物的生命和灭绝

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1516573112
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
• 作者: Mann, Daniel H.;Groves, Pamela;Reanier, Richard E.;Gaglioti, Benjamin V.;Kunz, Michael L.;Shapiro, Beth
• 通讯作者: Shapiro, Beth

Ice-age megafauna in Arctic Alaska: extinction, invasion, survival

• DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.03.015
• 发表时间: 2013-06
• 期刊: Quaternary Science Reviews
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: D. Mann;P. Groves;M. Kunz;R. Reanier;B. Gaglioti

Aeolian stratigraphy describes ice-age paleoenvironments in unglaciated Arctic Alaska

风地层学描述了非冰川北极阿拉斯加的冰河时代古环境

• DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.01.002
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Quaternary Science Reviews
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: Gaglioti, Benjamin V.;Mann, Daniel H.;Groves, Pamela;Kunz, Michael L.;Farquharson, Louise M.;Reanier, Richard E.;Jones, Benjamin M.;Wooller, Matthew J.
• 通讯作者: Wooller, Matthew J.