Enabling Highly Sensitive and Specific Detection from Undiluted Blood Using Paper Sensors

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Point-of-care devices require simple yet inexpensive platforms with highsensitivity from complex media. Paper is the least expensive platform for assaydevelopment and often allows results to be obtained faster than conventional sensors.Current efforts to improve paper-based detection technologies rely on physicallyadsorbed ligands (with limited ligand amount and activity), rely on blocking agents topassivate nonspecific protein adsorption (with limiting detection sensitivity and suitableonly for simple media or diluted samples), and suffers from low sample retention due tothe rapid evaporation of samples (typically receiving less than 50% of the originalsample in the detection zone). Zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine) (PCB) surface coatingshave been able to achieve highly sensitive and specific detection from undiluted humanplasma and serum. The objective of this work is to realize inexpensive, yet highlysensitive paper-based detection from complex media using zwitterionic chemistry.