Scholars Award: The sciences of the similar: Innovations in chemistry and the limits of equivalence
学者奖:相似的科学:化学的创新和等效性的限制
基本信息
- 批准号:1265513
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 15.32万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2012
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2012-07-01 至 2015-08-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Generic pharmaceuticals are considered biochemical copies of brand-name drugs and have become an important component of contemporary scientific innovation and policy. As the market for generic substitutes has grown--from only 10% of the American pharmaceutical market in 1960 to nearly 80% by 2010--so too have technical and political conflicts over whether generics are truly "the same thing" as their brand-name counterparts. Indeed, generic drugs are never fully identical to their original counterparts; rather, their identity as generic resides in being similar in the particular ways that regulators and scientists think matter. This Scholar's Award, funded by the STS program and the Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences, will support Jeremy Greene, a physician-historian with ethnographic training, as he tracks the emergence of scientific and policy definitions of biochemical equivalence in the late 20th century and early 21st century. Using archival data, analysis of scientific publications, and in-depth interviews, Greene will trace how the question: "when are two medicines the same?" generates different answers depending on the method and discipline from which it is asked. For example, people (at different times and in different countries) have used innovations in chemistry, biology, engineering, and management science to either argue for or contest the similarity of generic pharmaceuticals. This research will contribute to social scientific studies of science policy and regulation as well as the history of science and innovation. A close examination of how generics are defined over time and across countries reveals how different stakeholders promote and contest various ways of defining biochemical equivalence. Grappling with the problems of equivalence and interchangeability also demonstrates how specialization shapes the generalizability of scientific knowledge and the cultural and scientific assumptions that help produce science policy.
仿制药被认为是品牌药物的生化复制品,已成为当代科学创新和政策的重要组成部分。随着仿制药市场的增长--从1960年的仅占美国药品市场的10%增长到2010年的近80%--关于仿制药与品牌药是否真的是同一件事的技术和政治冲突也随之而来。事实上,仿制药永远不会与它们的原始药物完全相同;相反,它们作为仿制药的身份在于它们在监管机构和科学家认为重要的特定方式上是相似的。这一学者奖由STS计划和数学和物理科学局资助,将支持杰里米·格林,一位接受过人种学培训的内科历史学家,追踪20世纪末和21世纪初关于生化等效性的科学和政策定义的出现。利用档案数据、对科学出版物的分析和深入采访,格林将如何追踪这个问题:“两种药物什么时候是相同的?”根据提出问题的方法和原则,生成不同的答案。例如,人们(在不同的时代和不同的国家)利用化学、生物学、工程学和管理科学的创新来为仿制药的相似性辩护或争辩。这项研究将有助于社会科学对科学政策和法规的研究以及科学和创新史的研究。仔细研究仿制药是如何随着时间和国家的变化而定义的,就会发现不同的利益相关者是如何推动和竞争定义生化等效性的各种方法的。解决等价性和互换性问题还表明,专业化如何塑造科学知识的概括性,以及有助于制定科学政策的文化和科学假设。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Jeremy Greene其他文献
Introduction to Special Issue: Psychiatry as Social Medicine
- DOI:
10.1007/s11013-021-09740-7 - 发表时间:
2021-08-14 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:1.800
- 作者:
Anne Kveim Lie;Jeremy Greene - 通讯作者:
Jeremy Greene
Why medical products must not be excluded from the Global Plastics Treaty
为何医疗产品绝不能被排除在《全球塑料条约》之外
- DOI:
10.1016/s0140-6736(24)02254-2 - 发表时间:
2024-11-02 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:88.500
- 作者:
Alice Street;Ruth Stringer;Peter Mangesho;Rob Ralston;Jeremy Greene - 通讯作者:
Jeremy Greene
Jeremy Greene的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Jeremy Greene', 18)}}的其他基金
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Modernization, Health, and Development in the Global Cold War
博士论文研究:全球冷战中的现代化、健康与发展
- 批准号:
1655930 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 15.32万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Scholars Award: The sciences of the similar: Innovations in chemistry and the limits of equivalence
学者奖:相似的科学:化学的创新和等效性的限制
- 批准号:
1126132 - 财政年份:2011
- 资助金额:
$ 15.32万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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学者奖:相似的科学:化学的创新和等效性的限制
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