Doctoral Dissertation Research: Modernization, Health, and Development in the Global Cold War

博士论文研究：全球冷战中的现代化、健康与发展

• 批准号: 1655930
• 负责人: Jeremy Greene
• 金额: $ 1.59万
• 依托单位: Johns Hopkins University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-03-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1655930&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Modernization; Health

This study will look at the difficulties that arise in defining appropriate medical technologies for four different types of organizations: non-profit foundations, multilateral United Nations-based organizations, bilateral aid organizations such as the United States Agency for International Development, and government contractors. This project will examine how recipients in developing countries have historically actively contested and negotiated the definition of appropriate technology. It will explore their role as designers of some of the technologies and the policies advocating for their adoption. This project will consider how technology transfer in foreign aid often affects women differently than men, specifically when looking at small-scale everyday health technologies. It will be of interest to development workers, citizens and policymakers because it could contribute to ensuring that development technologies are appropriate. From its inception, the study of development and modernization has been bound up with questions of technology. Development critics often point to the over-use of certain technologies or the unavailability of others. Yet underlying these claims is the assumption that there must be a more appropriate level of technology that would lead to better economic and social development. This study will explore what makes a given technology appropriate. It will use oral history interviews, archival materials, and participant observation at the sites of current-day health technology projects in South Africa and Zimbabwe. Through this work, this study will consider how historical precedents have and have not carried through development practice in the modern day and will inform development professionals and policymakers of the specific ways in which the use of health technologies in foreign aid work have impacted the communities they intend to serve.

这项研究将探讨在为四种不同类型的组织确定适当的医疗技术时遇到的困难：非营利基金会、联合国多边组织、美国国际开发署等双边援助组织和政府承包商。本项目将审查发展中国家的受援国历来如何积极地就适当技术的定义提出异议和进行谈判。它将探讨他们作为一些技术的设计者的作用以及倡导采用这些技术的政策。该项目将考虑外援中的技术转让如何对妇女产生不同于男子的影响，特别是在研究小规模日常保健技术时。发展工作者、公民和决策者将对此感兴趣，因为它有助于确保发展技术的适当性。从一开始，对发展和现代化的研究就与技术问题联系在一起。发展批评者经常指出某些技术的过度使用或其他技术的不可用。然而，这些主张背后的假设是，必须有一个更适当的技术水平，才能带来更好的经济和社会发展。这项研究将探讨是什么使一种特定的技术是适当的。它将使用口述历史访谈，档案材料，并在当今的卫生技术项目在南非和津巴布韦的网站参与观察。通过这项工作，这项研究将考虑历史先例如何在现代发展实践中得以贯彻和未能贯彻，并将向发展专业人员和决策者通报在外援工作中使用卫生技术对其打算服务的社区产生影响的具体方式。