Doctoral Dissertation Research: Post-public Housing Spatial Concentration

博士论文研究：后公共住房空间集中

• 批准号: 1303585
• 负责人: Mary Waters
• 金额: $ 1.17万
• 依托单位: Harvard University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-01 至 2014-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1303585&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Post; public

SES-1303585Mary WatersEva RosenHarvard UniversityIn the past fifteen years there has been an important transformation in housing policy. The dissolution of large-scale public housing in many cities has resulted in social turmoil and the displacement of poor and vulnerable populations. The vertical ghetto -- the high-rise public housing development -- has remade itself into the horizontal ghetto -- the concentration of housing voucher holders in moderately poor neighborhoods. If the transformation of public housing has placed more of the nation's needy households in neighborhoods that are characterized not by the stable, concentrated poverty that urban sociologists long studied, but by moderate poverty, and high rates of residential churning and social disorder, it might mean that the mechanisms by which neighborhoods transmit various advantages and disadvantages have been fundamentally transformed. How does this context shape and constrain residents' expectations and orientations toward their neighborhood? Why and how do residents end up in these new post-public housing neighborhoods? These questions are addressed through a case study neighborhood in Baltimore. The dissertation relies on a combination of ethnographic observations and 120 in-depth interviews with residents and community members, including voucher holders, homeowners, unassisted renters, community members, and landlords. Broader ImpactsWith the dismantling of the public housing high-rises, and the important increase in the number of housing vouchers, many have moved to new areas, concentrating disproportionately in moderately poor neighborhoods with high residential instability. This dramatic change provides an impetus for researchers and policymakers to learn more about what kinds of social organization these neighborhoods facilitate and how new social relations shape cultural schema pertaining to mobility, which play a crucial role in the social reproduction of poverty. This research contributes to knowledge about these patterns that can be used to promote, rather than compromise the wellbeing and future prospects of the recipients of housing assistance. This research suggests that although housing vouchers may be a valuable and effective tool for solving housing affordability problems, a market-based solution is inherently limited for solving America?s ghetto poverty problem.

哈佛大学在过去的十五年里，住房政策发生了重要的变化。许多城市的大规模公共住房被拆除，造成社会动荡，穷人和弱势群体流离失所。垂直的贫民区--高层公共住房开发区--已经改造成了水平的贫民区--住房券持有者集中在中等贫困的社区。如果公共住房的改造使更多的贫困家庭居住在这样的社区，这些社区的特点不是城市社会学家长期研究的稳定、集中的贫困，而是中等贫困，以及高比例的住宅流失和社会混乱，这可能意味着社区传递各种优势和劣势的机制已经从根本上改变了。这种环境如何塑造和约束居民对他们社区的期望和取向？为什么以及如何居民最终在这些新的后公共住房社区？这些问题是通过一个案例研究在巴尔的摩附近解决。论文依赖于民族志观察和120个居民和社区成员，包括凭证持有人，房主，无人协助的租房者，社区成员和房东的深入访谈相结合。更广泛的影响随着公共住房高层建筑的拆除，以及住房券数量的大幅增加，许多人搬到了新的地区，不成比例地集中在居住高度不稳定的中等贫困社区。这种巨大的变化为研究人员和政策制定者提供了一种动力，使他们更多地了解这些社区促进了什么样的社会组织，以及新的社会关系如何塑造与流动性有关的文化图式，这在贫困的社会再生产中发挥着至关重要的作用。这项研究有助于了解这些模式，可用于促进而不是损害住房援助接受者的福祉和未来前景。这项研究表明，虽然住房券可能是一个有价值的和有效的工具，解决住房负担能力的问题，以市场为基础的解决方案是固有的有限的解决美国？贫民区的贫困问题。