Studies of Hot and Dense Quark and Gluon Matter

我们将进行几项测量，以确定在BNL的相对论重离子对撞机（RHIC）和欧洲核子研究中心的大型强子对撞机（LHC）的相对论重离子碰撞中产生的高能量密度物质的性质。具体来说，我们将通过研究集体流动和喷射淬火现象来探索这种物质的性质。在早期的工作中，我们已经证明，这种物质不仅表现出由初始碰撞几何中的密度波动引起的显著的多阶谐波流动，而且还表现出强烈的射流-介质相互作用以及介质对淬火射流的响应。我们未来的努力将旨在建立对流动和射流介质相互作用的微观机制的更定量的理解。我们计划通过完成正在进行的数据分析以及采用新的测量方法来实现这一目标。它们包括：1)正在进行和未来的实验和现象学努力，以约束谐波流动的机制和初始碰撞几何密度波动的性质。2)进一步了解射流对密度波动的响应，寻找介质对淬灭射流的响应。这些项目建立在我们在单粒子测量和射流相关测量方面的专业知识基础上。智力价值：这些实验将提高我们对集体行为和射流介质相互作用的定量理解，从而为确定高密度核物质在最极端条件下的基本特性提供宝贵的约束。更广泛的影响：高能量密度物质的研究可以对我们对原子核中的强作用力和早期宇宙的演化、超新星爆炸和中子星性质的理解产生深远的影响。在RHIC和LHC上的射流淬火和介质响应实验结果激发了超弦理论的重要新发展。这些设施中的PHENIX和ATLAS实验为研究生、本科生和高中生提供了极好的培训机会。此外，PI还通过在每年的BNL核化学暑期学校教学，积极为核科学本科教育做出贡献。

We will perform several measurements that can establish the properties of the high energy density matter created in relativistic heavy ion collisions at both the Relativistic Heavy ion Collider (RHIC) at BNL and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. Specifically, we will probe the properties of this matter by studying the collective flow and jet quenching phenomena. In earlier work, we have shown that this matter not only exhibits significant harmonic flows of many orders arising from the density fluctuations in the initial collision geometry, but also exhibits strong jet-medium interactions as well as a response of the medium to the quenched jets. Our future efforts will be aimed at establishing a more quantitative understanding of the microscopic mechanisms for the flow and and jet-medium interactions. We plan to achieve this goal by finishing ongoing data analyses as well as by pursuing new measurements. They include: 1) Ongoing and future experimental and phenomenological efforts to constrain the mechanisms for harmonic flow and the nature of the density fluctuations in the initial collision geometry. 2) Future efforts to understand the jet-quenching response to the density fluctuations and to search for medium response to quenched jets. These projects are built upon our established expertise in single particle measurements and jet correlation measurements.Intellectual merit: These experiments will improve our quantitative understanding of collective behavior and jet-medium interactions, and hence provide invaluable constraints for determining the fundamental properties of high-density nuclear matter under the most extreme conditions.Broader Impact: Studies of high energy density matter can have a profound impact on our understanding of the strong force in nuclei and the evolution of the early universe, supernova explosions and the properties of neutron stars. The experimental results on jet quenching and medium response at RHIC and LHC have inspired important new developments in super-string theories. Both the PHENIX and ATLAS experiments at these facilities provide excellent training opportunities for graduate, undergraduate and high school students. In addition, the PI is also actively contributing to undergraduate education in nuclear science by teaching in the annual BNL Nuclear Chemistry Summer School.