Dynamics and Properties of Hot and Dense Quark and Gluon Matter

众所周知，质子和中子是由更小的夸克和胶子组成的。 在使用两束重核的碰撞中，由这些成分形成了一种新的物质状态，称为夸克胶子等离子体（QGP）。 该项目将回答有关QGP的基本问题，例如物质的时空动力学及其传输特性。 该项目将通过研究波动的集体流动和粒子与QGP的相互作用来进行。高能量密度物质的研究可以对我们理解量子色动力学（QCD）理论产生深远的影响，该理论控制着原子核的行为和早期宇宙的演化，超新星爆炸和中子星的性质。这项研究将在欧洲的大型强子对撞机上使用ATLAS探测器进行，并在布鲁克海文国家实验室的相对论重离子对撞机上使用星星探测器进行。ATLAS和星星实验都为研究生、本科生和高中生提供了很好的培训机会。对横向和纵向的粒子相关性进行全面的模型研究，并与测量结果进行比较，以限制A+A碰撞中物质的动力学和性质。这项工作需要发明新的分析方法，开发事件形状触发器，以利用即将到来的高光度Pb+Pb运行，以及在RHIC的较低碰撞能量下进行类似的分析。2.详细研究小系统（如pp和p+Pb碰撞）中的长程脊相关，这需要开发高多重触发器，改进多粒子相关方法，以及研究脊相关的粒子质量依赖性。3.未来的努力，以了解射流淬火响应的初始密度波动和寻找介质响应淬火射流。 拟议的工作是建立在该小组在各种相关性测量方面的既定专门知识基础上的。

It is a well-established fact that protons and neutrons are made up of smaller constituents called quarks and gluons. In collisions using two beams of heavy nuclei, a new state of matter is formed from these constituents, called the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). This project will answer fundamental questions about the QGP, such as the space-time dynamics of the matter and its transport properties. The project will be carried out by studying the collective flow of fluctuations and particle interactions with the QGP. Studies of high energy density matter can have a profound impact on our understanding of the theory of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), which governs the behavior of nuclei and the evolution of the early universe, supernova explosions and the properties of neutron stars. The research will be carried out at the Large Hadron Collider in Europe, using the ATLAS detector, and at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider of Brookhaven National Laboratory, using the STAR detector. Both the ATLAS and STAR experiments provide excellent training opportunities for graduate, undergraduate and high school students.The proposed measurements include: 1. Comprehensive model studies of particle correlations in transverse and longitudinal directions as compared with measurements to constrain the dynamics and properties of the matter in A+A collisions. This effort requires inventing new analysis methods, developing event-shape triggers to take advantage of the upcoming high-luminosity Pb+Pb run, as well as carrying out similar analyses at lower collision energy at RHIC. 2. Detailed investigations of long-range ridge correlations in small systems such as pp and p+Pb collisions, which require development of high-multiplicity triggers, improving the multi-particle correlation method, as well as studying the particle mass dependence of the ridge correlation. 3. Future efforts to understand the jet-quenching response to the initial density fluctuations and to search for medium response to quenched jets. The proposed efforts are built upon the group's established expertise in various correlation measurements.