Gamma-Ray and Cosmic-Ray Astrophysics with HAWC

该奖项支持威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的高能伽马射线小组参与高海拔水切伦科夫（HAWC）实验。 HAWC是一个大视场太电子伏（TeV）伽马射线探测器，目前正在墨西哥皮科德奥里扎巴附近建造。 HAWC将绘制TeV伽马射线源，每天覆盖半边天空。 利用HAWC对银河系和河外TeV γ射线源的观测和能谱测量将大大提高我们对宇宙线起源的认识。HAWC还将以前所未有的灵敏度绘制TeV宇宙射线的到达方向分布，并帮助我们了解宇宙射线天空图中观察到的大尺度和小尺度结构。 对遥远的耀变体的观测将限制河外背景光和星系间磁场，这可能是在早期宇宙的原始相变过程中形成的。威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的研究小组正在参与触发和读出电子学的开发，数据采集和分析软件的开发。 HAWC电子集成地点位于UW-麦迪逊，新的电子集成到系统中，并在运输和安装之前在那里进行测试。 UW-Madison集团也从事数据分析。 有了100箱配置的早期数据，该小组将开始对蟹状星云和月球阴影进行详细研究，以了解和微调探测器的性能。他们还将研究大尺度和小尺度的宇宙射线各向异性。 该小组将利用其利用IceCube研究南部天空宇宙射线各向异性的经验，并最终将HAWC和IceCube数据集联合收割机用于全天空分析。更广泛的影响：在威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的HAWC集团将继续促进外联活动，提高公众对科学的欣赏和理解。 该组织还将参加当地的外展计划，如“把宇宙带到威斯康星州。"

This award supports the high-energy gamma-ray group at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in their participation in the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) experiment. HAWC is a large field-of-view Teraelectronvolt (TeV) gamma-ray detector currently under construction near Pico de Orizaba in Mexico. HAWC will map TeV gamma-ray sources with daily coverage of half the sky. The observation of Galactic and extragalactic TeV gamma-ray sources with HAWC and the measurement of their energy spectra will greatly enhance our understanding of the origin of cosmic rays. HAWC will also map the arrival direction distribution of TeV cosmic rays with unprecedented sensitivity and help us understand the large- and small-scale structure observed in cosmic-ray sky maps. The observation of distant blazars will constrain the extragalactic background light and the intergalactic magnetic field, which may have been formed during primordial phase transitions in the early Universe.The group at UW-Madison is participating in the development of the trigger and readout electronics, the data acquisition, and the development of the analysis software. The HAWC electronics integration site is located at UW- Madison, and new electronics are integrated into the system and tested there before being shipped and installed at the site. The UW-Madison group is also engaged in data analysis. With early data from the 100-tank configuration, the group will begin a detailed study of the Crab Nebula and the shadow of the Moon to understand and fine-tune the detector performance. They will also study the large- and small-scale cosmic-ray anisotropy. The group will draw on its experience studying the cosmic-ray anisotropy in the southern sky with IceCube, and eventually combine the HAWC and IceCube data sets for a full-sky analysis. Broader Impacts: The HAWC group at UW-Madison will continue to contribute to outreach activities that enhance the general public's appreciation and understanding of science. The group will also participate in local outreach programs like "Bringing the Universe to Wisconsin."