Collaborative Research: Loud, Bright, and Hot Compact Binary Mergers

为了更好地理解宇宙中一些最有趣、甚至是奇特的物体和事件，通过完全不同的辐射通道观察高能天体物理源将是至关重要的。其中包括由黑洞和中子星组成的致密双星，以及伽马射线暴和相关现象。这些物体是产生引力、电磁和中微子辐射的强大引擎。许多研究小组以及观测站和实验（计划中的和已经在运行的）都在试图观察、解释和理解这些排放。他们的整体理解将得到加强和进一步，因为理论洞察力和预测被用来帮助他们发现和测试基本理论和现象。我们在这里的目的是系统地考虑非真空紧致双星系统，并以足够的保真度来获得它们在引力波和电磁波中的发射。我们将通过结合现实的状态方程、电磁相互作用和冷却效应来做到这一点。特别是，我们的方法是将我们对多信使天体物理学的可能组成部分和来源的理论理解更加紧密地联系在一起。我们将把我们的努力建立在一个强大的计算基础上，即广义相对论方程的鲁棒实现，电阻磁流体力学与自适应网格细化。这项研究具有广泛的兴趣，自然结合了物理学家以外的天体物理学家和数学家的专业知识和诀窍。它将促进我们对宇宙中一些最有趣的过程的理解，并将为引力波天文台（例如LIGO）提供有价值的候选波形。我们参与多国比较波形和方法的努力将对引力波和天体物理学社区特别有价值。这里描述的活动将有助于进一步的本科生，研究生和博士后的研究和培训，包括一些代表性不足的个人。此外，这项工作使用了HAD基础结构，因此有助于支持广泛有用的、公开发布的软件。此外，这项研究还涉及到宇宙中一些最奇特的物体，这些物体吸引了公众的想象力。

Observing highly energetic astrophysical sources through fundamentally different radiation channels will be crucial in order to better understand some of the most intriguing, even exotic, objects and events in our universe. Included among these are compact binary objects, composed of black holes and neutron stars, as well as gamma ray bursts and related phenomena. Such objects are powerful engines for the production of gravitational, electromagnetic and neutrino radiation. Many research groups as well as observatories and experiments (both planned and already in operation), are engaged in attempting to observe, interpret and understand these emissions. Their overall understanding will be enhanced and furthered as theoretical insight and predictions are used to aid in their detection and in testing fundamental theories and phenomena. Our purpose here is to systematically consider non-vacuum compact binary systems and to do so with sufficient fidelity to obtain their emissions in gravitational and electromagnetic waves. We will do so by incorporating realistic equations of state, electromagnetic interactions and cooling effects. In particular, our approach is to tie ever more tightly together our theoretical understanding of the possible components and sources of multi-messenger astrophysics. We will build our efforts on a strong computational foundation, namely a robust implementation of the equations of general relativistic, resistive magnetohydrodynamics with adaptive mesh refinement. This research is of broad interest and naturally combines expertise and know-how that reaches beyond physicists to astrophysicists and mathematicians. It will advance our understanding of some of the most intriguing processes in the universe, and will provide valuable candidate waveforms for gravitational wave observatories (e.g. LIGO). Our participation in multinational efforts to compare waveforms and approaches will be especially valuable to the gravitational wave and astrophysical communities. The activities described here will help further undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral research and training, including a number of underrepresented individuals. Also, this work uses the HAD infrastructure and thus helps support broadly useful, publicly released, software. Additionally, this research involves some of the most exotic objects in our universe that captures the imagination of the general public.