The Origins of Equid Domestication

马驯化的起源

• 批准号: 1311551
• 负责人: Benjamin Arbuckle
• 金额: $ 36.19万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-10-01 至 2018-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1311551&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Origins; Equid; Domestication

With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Benjamin Arbuckle will direct three years of multi-disciplinary, international field and lab research at four sites in central Turkey. This project brings together an international team of researchers from the US, Canada, Turkey, France and Germany with specialties in archaeology, zooarchaeology, paleogenetics, isotope biochemistry and paleobotany to provide the first comprehensive picture of the history of Asiatic ass and wild horse hunting and the subsequent emergence of domestic horses in the Middle East.The domestication of the horse represents one of the most important technological achievements of the ancient world and revolutionized strategies of subsistence exchange, interaction and warfare across the Old World. Although the history of horse domestication in the steppic regions of western Eurasia is slowly coming into greater focus, the origins of the domestic horse in the Near East continues to represent a major archaeological puzzle. Although it has long been acknowledged on geographic grounds that ancient Turkey may have played an important role in the transmission of domestic horses into the Middle East, few data have been available to adequately test these hypotheses, and the social and biological processes responsible for the origins of domestic horses in the Greater Near East remain obscure. Through an innovative combination of archaeological, genetic and isotopic datasets this project will build a detailed interpretive framework that will 1) define the nature of the newly discovered patterns of intensive wild horse and Asiatic ass hunting on the Anatolian plateau, 2) evaluate the roles of local domestication versus importation in the appearance of domestic horses in the region, and 3) understand the social processes responsible for the origins of domestic horses. By applying a powerful combination of methods to newly available archaeological assemblages rich in horse remains, this project has the potential to provide a radically new perspective on the origins of the domestic horse, one of the most important innovations of the ancient world. The intellectual merit of the research is multidisciplinary in scope. It will significantly impact research addressing the process of animal domestication and the transmission of innovative technologies, both major topics of archaeological and anthropological inquiry. It will also provide new insights into the history and origins of equines, and will add to the understanding of the biodiversity of an important livestock species. The broader impacts of the study are that it will support international cooperation and collaboration between American, French, German, Canadian and Turkish researchers across multiple disciplines. It will also provide support for training a graduate student and will help support the development of innovative research methods in paleogenetics as well as archaeology. Results will be made accessible via open access web publications, ensuring the broadest possible impact.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，本杰明·阿巴克尔博士将在土耳其中部的四个地点指导为期三年的多学科、国际实地和实验室研究。这个项目汇集了来自美国、加拿大、土耳其、法国和德国的一支由考古学、动物考古学、古遗传学、同位素生物化学和古植物学专业的国际研究团队组成的团队，提供了亚洲驴和野马狩猎的历史以及随后在中东出现的家马的第一幅全面图景。驯化马匹代表着古代世界最重要的技术成就之一，以及整个旧世界的生存交换、互动和战争的革命性战略。尽管欧亚大陆西部草原地区驯化马的历史正慢慢成为人们关注的焦点，但近东家马的起源仍然是一个重大的考古谜题。尽管从地理角度来看，古代土耳其可能在家马传入中东的过程中发挥了重要作用，但几乎没有数据可以充分验证这些假设，而导致大近东地区家马起源的社会和生物学过程也仍然不清楚。通过考古、遗传和同位素数据集的创新组合，该项目将建立一个详细的解释框架，以1)定义在安纳托利亚高原新发现的密集野马和亚洲驴狩猎模式的性质，2)评估本地驯化和引进在该地区家马出现中的作用，以及3)了解导致家马起源的社会过程。通过将强大的方法组合应用于新获得的丰富马匹遗骸的考古组合，该项目有可能为古代世界最重要的创新之一--家马的起源提供一个全新的视角。这项研究的学术价值是多学科的。它将对涉及动物驯化过程和创新技术传播的研究产生重大影响，这两个主题都是考古学和人类学研究的主要课题。它还将为马的历史和起源提供新的见解，并将增加对一种重要牲畜物种的生物多样性的了解。这项研究的更广泛影响是，它将支持美国、法国、德国、加拿大和土耳其研究人员之间跨多个学科的国际合作和协作。它还将为培养一名研究生提供支助，并将帮助发展在古遗传学和考古学方面的创新研究方法。结果将通过开放获取的网络出版物提供，以确保尽可能产生最广泛的影响。