DISSERTATION RESEARCH: The Cryptogramma acrostichoides complex--phylogeography at the crossroads of Beringia and other refugia

人为气候变化将通过更高的预计灭绝速度和较大范围的转移，特别是在高纬度北部地区，对世界产生巨大影响？S动植物。应对这些危险需要更深入地了解物种如何应对快速变化的大规模气候变化。末次冰盛期气候快速变化带来的类似影响(约(18000年前)可以作为预测当今人为气候变化影响的模型。这项研究将使用生长在东亚和北美西部的欧芹蕨类植物(隐花蕨类植物)对末次冰盛期快速气候变化的响应作为模型，预测今天的S植物群将如何在人为气候变化中生存下来。今天，这些欧芹蕨类植物横跨被称为Beringia的地区，该地区从东北亚延伸到白令海，一直延伸到阿拉斯加中部，在最后一次冰川盛期期间受到快速气候变化的影响。通过使用大量的DNA序列数据，研究人员将量化整个景观中遗传多样性的模式，并检查在少数可作为重新殖民或迁徙来源的避难区生存的相对重要性，以及在末次冰川盛期期间在众多孤立的山顶生存对这些欧芹蕨类植物的相对重要性。将确定因当今气候变化而特别有灭绝危险的种群，并给予特别保护关注。公众和更广泛的科学界将在许多方面从这项研究中受益。该项目将帮助培养下一代科学家成为研究生和本科生，将在最新的DNA测序方法和执行包括海外实地工作在内的扩展研究项目方面变得高效。包括阿拉斯加土著在内的高中生将从参与数据收集和分析中受益。该项目的国际范围还将通过与俄罗斯和中国的研究人员合作，在美国之外发展研究基础设施--S。公众将能够访问所有生成的数据，包括在线数据库中保存的标本的高分辨率图像。该项目还将通过制作欧芹蕨类植物的在线识别检索表和出版一篇关于气候变化对北部植物区系的影响的外联文章来向公众宣传。

Anthropogenic climate change will dramatically impact the world?s plants and animals through higher projected extinction rates and sizable range shifts, especially in high-latitude boreal regions. Responding to these dangers requires a deeper understanding of how species react to fast-moving, large-scale climate shifts. Similar impacts from rapid climate change during the Last Glacial Maximum (approx. 18000 years ago) can serve as a model for predicting the impacts of present-day anthropogenic climate change. This research will use the responses of parsley ferns (Cryptogramma species) growing in eastern Asia and western North America to rapid climate change during the Last Glacial Maximum as a model for predicting how today?s flora will survive anthropogenic climate change. These parsley ferns today span the area known as Beringia, which stretches from northeastern Asia across the Bering Sea into central Alaska and was subject to rapid climate change during the Last Glacial Maximum. By using large amounts of DNA sequence data, researchers will quantify patterns of genetic diversity across the landscape and examine the relative importance of surviving in a small number of refugial regions that can serve as sources for recolonization or migration versus surviving on numerous isolated mountaintops during the Last Glacial Maximum for these parsley ferns. Populations that are in particular danger of extinction from present day climate change will be identified for special conservation attention. The public and broader scientific community will benefit from this research in many ways. This project will help train the next generation of scientists as a graduate student and undergraduate student will become efficient in state of the art DNA sequencing methods and in executing an extended research project, including overseas field work. High school students, including Alaska Natives, will benefit from involvement in the collection and analysis of data. The international scope of the project will also develop research infrastructure beyond America?s borders through collaboration with Russian and Chinese researchers. The public will be able to access all of the data generated, including high-resolution images of preserved specimens, in online databases. This project will also reach out to the public through the production of an online identification key to the parsley ferns and through the publication of an outreach article on the impacts of climate change on the northern flora.