Ocean Acidification: Understanding the Impact of CO2 and Temperature on the Physiological, Genetic, and Epigenetic Response of a Model Sea Anemone System with Different Symbionts

海洋酸化：了解二氧化碳和温度对不同共生体模型海葵系统的生理、遗传和表观遗传反应的影响

• 批准号: 1316055
• 负责人: Mark Warner
• 金额: $ 77.55万
• 依托单位: University of Delaware
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-01 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1316055&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Ocean; Acidification; Understanding; Impact; CO2

The projected rise in carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is considered a primary threat to marine systems throughout the world due to both ocean acidification and rising ocean temperatures. Coral reefs are very sensitive to these projected changes in the earth's climate, with continued losses in growth as well as disruption (also known as bleaching) in the symbiotic relationship between the algae (Symbiodinium) living within a diversity of host animals, including stony corals, soft corals and sea anemones. While much information has been gleaned as to how acidification may affect stony corals, considerably less is known about the interactive effects of acidification and temperature to other symbiotic anthozoans. To this end, this proposal will investigate the long-term impacts of elevated CO2 and temperature on the model sea anemone, Aiptasia pallida, while harboring four different genotypes of Symbiodinium. The primary goals of this project are (1) to determine the sensitivity and capacity for acclimation in molecular and physiological processes while exposed to elevated CO2 and temperature, and (2) to assess the degree to which acclimated adult animals may confer (or transfer) an imprinted physiological characteristic to the next generation of asexual offspring. A series of long-term experiments will be conducted with each animal/algal combination (holobiont) in order to collect initial (3 month) stress markers and genomic data and then follow animal response and asexual reproduction through several generations for one year. The possibility for enhanced resilience or acclimation will be measured by tracking the recovery of each holobiont, followed by repeated exposure to elevated temperature while held in high CO2. This project will tease apart fine scale mechanisms of stress, acclimation, or amelioration that may vary as a function of algal genotype and host animal response, and the degree to which environmental imprinting may pre-acclimate propagules. Project results will provide information regarding how future acidification and warming will affect cnidarian-algal symbioses, and the fundamental profile of their flexibility in stress response processes across organismal, metabolic, genomic and epigenetic scales. In addition to training one postdoctoral scholar and several graduate students, this project will enhance scientific discovery and participation of underrepresented groups through laboratory experiences offered to several undergraduates from different universities. Public outreach efforts will include a children's 'play'-educational exhibit, as well as several hands-on research demonstrations incorporating elements of sea anemone biology and symbioses which will be presented at the University of Delaware's annual "Coast Day" festival. Research efforts will also contribute to the further development of the NSF-EPSCoR infrastructure in the Delaware Biotechnology Center at the University of Delaware.

由于海洋酸化和海洋温度的上升，大气中二氧化碳（CO2）的预计上升被认为是对全世界海洋系统的主要威胁。珊瑚礁对地球气候中的这些预期变化非常敏感，在藻类（Symbiodinium）之间的共生关系中，生长持续损失（也称为漂白），包括宿主动物多样性，包括石质珊瑚，软珊瑚和海洋食谱。尽管有关酸化如何影响石质珊瑚的许多信息已经收集到，但对酸化和温度对其他共生养殖的互动效应的了解要少得多。为此，该提案将研究二氧化碳和温度升高对模型海葵（Aiptasia pallida）的长期影响，同时含有四种不同的共生基因型。该项目的主要目标是（1）确定分子和生理过程中适应能力的敏感性和能力，同时暴露于二氧化碳和温度升高，以及（2）评估适应性成年动物可以赋予（或转移）下一代无性后代的生理特征的程度。每种动物/藻类组合（Holobiont）将进行一系列的长期实验，以收集初始（3个月）的应力标记和基因组数据，然后遵循动物反应和无性繁殖一年。通过跟踪每个Holobiont的恢复，随后在保持高CO2时反复暴露于温度升高的情况下，可以测量增强的弹性或适应能力的可能性。该项目将嘲笑可能随着藻类基因型和宿主动物反应的函数而变化的压力，适应或改善的精细机制，以及环境烙印可能会在偏见的繁殖过程中的程度。项目结果将提供有关未来酸化和变暖将如何影响Cnidarian-Algal共生的信息，以及它们在跨有机，代谢，基因组和表观遗传尺度的压力反应过程中的灵活性的基本概况。除了培训一名博士后学者和几位研究生外，该项目还将通过向来自不同大学的几位大学生提供的实验室经验来增强代表性不足的群体的科学发现和参与。公众推广工作将包括儿童“戏剧教育”展览，以及几项动手研究演示，其中包含了海葵生物学和共生式元素，这些元素将在特拉华大学的年度“海岸日”节上展出。研究工作还将为特拉华大学特拉华州生物技术中心的NSF-EPSCOR基础设施的进一步发展做出贡献。

项目成果

Warm preconditioning protects against acute heat-induced respiratory dysfunction and delays bleaching in a symbiotic sea anemone

• DOI: 10.1242/jeb.150391
• 发表时间: 2017-03-15
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Hawkins, Thomas D.;Warner, Mark E.
• 通讯作者: Warner, Mark E.

Partitioning of Respiration in an Animal-Algal Symbiosis: Implications for Different Aerobic Capacity between Symbiodinium spp.

• DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00128
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Frontiers in physiology
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: Hawkins TD;Hagemeyer JC;Hoadley KD;Marsh AG;Warner ME
• 通讯作者: Warner ME

Contrasting physiological plasticity in response to environmental stress within different cnidarians and their respective symbionts

• DOI: 10.1007/s00338-016-1404-5
• 发表时间: 2016-06-01
• 期刊: CORAL REEFS
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Hoadley, Kenneth D.;Pettay, Daniel. T.;Warner, Mark E.
• 通讯作者: Warner, Mark E.