Vergleichende Nahrungsökologie von Mausmaki-Arten (Microcebus spp.) in Nordwest-Madagaskar vor dem Hintergrund artspezifischer biogeographischer Muster

马达加斯加西北部小鼠狐猴物种（Microcebus spp.）在特定物种生物地理模式背景下的比较摄食生态学

• 批准号: 21173880
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Ute Radespiel
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Zoologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2005-12-31 至 2009-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/21173880?language=en
• 关键词: Vergleichende; Nahrungs; kologie; von; Mausmaki

Madagascar, like other islands with long-term isolation, has a highly diversified fauna with a complex mix of local and regional endemics. The evolutionary processes that led to these divergences in range sizes are far from understood. The aim of this study is to employ modern modelling techniques in order to test for the first time two general alternative scenarios (“Variable Elevational Plasticity” vs. “Variable Colonization Times”) that may explain the evolution of particularly large range sizes. We will focus on a very diverse model genus, the small, nocturnal, arboreal mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.), since they occur throughout all forest habitats of Madagascar, are usually not hunted, respond less to habitat disturbances than other species, and have a very short generation time (1 yr) that allows us to readily detect and disentangle genetic signals of both ancient and recent demographic and spatial processes. Various molecular datasets will be modelled with different state of the art approaches in order to determine the timing of diversification for species with large vs. small distributions, and to illuminate and date the phylogeographic history, including the geographic origin, of the species with the largest distribution, the grey mouse lemur, across its complete range. Morphological (phenotypic) and ecological data from the field will complement the analyses and will allow to test whether phenotypic variability and genetic differentiation is better explained by habitat characteristics or by geographic distance among study sites.

与其他长期与世隔绝的岛屿一样，马达加斯加拥有高度多样化的动物群，当地和区域地方性流行病的组合错综复杂。导致这些范围大小差异的进化过程还远未被理解。这项研究的目的是使用现代建模技术，以首次测试两种常见的替代方案(“可变升空塑性”与“可变殖民时代”)，这可能解释了特别大的范围大小的进化。我们将专注于一个非常多样化的模式属，小型夜间活动的树栖小狐猴(Microcebus spp.)，因为它们出现在马达加斯加的所有森林栖息地，通常不被猎杀，比其他物种对栖息地干扰的反应更少，并且世代时间非常短(1年)，这使得我们能够很容易地检测和解开古代和现代人口和空间过程的遗传信号。各种分子数据集将用不同的最新技术方法建模，以确定大分布物种和小分布物种的多样化时机，并阐明和测定分布最大的物种--灰鼠狐猴--在其整个范围内的系统地理历史，包括地理起源。来自野外的形态(表型)和生态数据将补充分析，并将允许测试表型变异和遗传分化是由栖息地特征更好地解释还是由研究地点之间的地理距离更好地解释。