HCC: Small: Perception of Accurate Interactions through Bimanual Integrated Forces and Motions

当教授一项身体技能时，很难同时向另一个人传达一项任务的微妙力量和动作。 一个常见的技巧是专家引导新手完成任务。 但是，这种引导性的动作在描绘完整的体验方面只是部分有效，因为新手只是被动地执行任务。 为了充分体验身体的互动，积极地再现动作会更有效。 PI在这项研究中的目标是使一个人能够重现另一个人所做的动作，同时充分体验这些动作所产生的力量。 为此，PI将探索一种双手方法，利用我们身体两侧同步运动的固有能力，让一个人在主动感受与任务相关的力量的同时，独立生成所需的路径。 请注意，用双手同时画一对相同的圆（或其他形状）是多么容易。 基于这一观察，与指导优势手的训练方法相反，PI的方法将指导非优势手，并要求个人在优势手中重新创建运动，优势手将接收交互中涉及的所有力。 通过这种方式，一个手臂将在主动产生运动的同时接收力，并且将充分体验任务力。 在实施和测试这种双手指导方法之前，将进行几个实验，以确定所涉及的感觉运动控制参数;具体而言，假设将进行测试，以评估我们的能力，重新创建一个运动，适用于一只手，并评估人们是否可以被教导感知被动施加的力量类似于主动施加的力量。 与旨在使与环境的物理交互尽可能真实的方法相比，该方法是变革性的，因为它旨在通过结合人类的感觉运动控制系统来使物理交互的感知尽可能类似于另一个人的动作。 科学上的挑战在于如何确定这两种模式（从一侧的力量和从其他位置）是集成的，并在确定和克服与感知和重新创建的force.Broader影响的感觉运动延迟：这项研究将从根本上推进我们的理解力的感知，双手的相互作用，以及如何力和运动的认知整合，以感知物体的主动和被动的任务。 这项工作将使一个人能够充分体验与另一个人相同的身体互动，这将改变外科医生，运动员，直升机和飞机飞行员等的教学和培训技术。 除了直接支持研究生和本科生，这项研究还将影响PI的触觉类工程专业的学生，他们将学习如何对人类进行心理物理实验。

It is difficult to simultaneously convey the subtle forces and motions of a task to another person when teaching a physical skill. A common technique is for the expert to move the novice through the task. But this guiding motion is only partially effective at portraying the full experience because the novice only performs the task passively. To fully experience the physical interaction, an active recreation of the actions would be much more effective. The PI's goal in this research is to enable a person to recreate the actions performed by another person while fully experiencing the forces that result from those actions. To this end, the PI will explore a bimanual approach that takes advantage of our inherent ability to synchronize motions between both sides of our bodies, to allow a person to independently generate a desired path while feeling the task-related forces actively. Note how easy it is to simultaneously draw a pair of identical circles (or other shape) with both hands. Based on this observation, and in contrast to training methods that guide the dominant hand, the PI's method will guide the non-dominant hand and ask the individual to recreate the motions in the dominant hand, which will receive all the forces involved in the interaction. In this way, one arm will both receive forces while actively generating motions and will fully experience the task forces. Prior to implementing and testing this bimanual guidance method, several experiments will be conducted to determine the involved sensorimotor control parameters; specifically, hypotheses will be tested to evaluate our abilities to recreate a motion that is applied to one hand and to evaluate whether people can be taught to perceive passively applied forces similarly to actively applied forces. In contrast to methods that aim to make the physical interaction with an environment as realistic as possible, this method is transformative in that it aims to make the perception of the physical interaction as similar as possible to another person's actions by incorporating the human's sensorimotor control system. The scientific challenge lies in determining how the two modalities (force from one side and position from the other) are integrated and in determining and overcoming the sensorimotor delays associated with perception and recreating the force.Broader Impacts: This research will fundamentally advance our understanding of force perception, bimanual interactions, and how forces and motions are cognitively integrated to perceive objects in active and passive tasks. The work will enable one person to fully experience the same physical interaction as another person, which will transform teaching and training techniques for surgeons, athletes, and helicopter and airplane pilots, among others. In addition to directly supporting a graduate and an undergraduate student, this research will also impact engineering students in the PI's class on haptics who will learn about performing psychophysical experiments on humans.