Collaborative Research: Urbanism, Neighborhood Organization, and Domestic Economy at the Tlajinga District, Teotihuacan, Mexico.

合作研究：墨西哥特奥蒂瓦坎特拉金加区的城市化、邻里组织和国内经济。

• 批准号: 1321247
• 负责人: David Carballo
• 金额: $ 18.82万
• 依托单位: Trustees of Boston University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-06-01 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1321247&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Urbanism; Neighborhood; Organization

The archaeology of early urbanism provides deep historical context for an increasingly urbanized world. Dr. David M. Carballo and Dr. Kenneth G. Hirth will direct a collaborative three-year project involving an international team of interdisciplinary researchers at the ancient city of Teotihuacan, Mexico. During its height in the early first millennium AD Teotihuacan was the largest city in the Americas and one of the largest in the world. Today, being a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the most visited ruins in the Americas, Teotihuacan is of great interest to a broad audience. Though Teotihuacan is famed for its high-level of civic planning, cosmopolitan populace, and broad economic reach, such issues require more intensive investigations within understudied portions of the city. Investigations of this project focus on the Tlajinga district, a cluster of neighborhoods to the south of Teotihuacan that was inhabited by a lower socioeconomic stratum of the city's populace, was the locus of intensive utilitarian craft production, and is bisected by the terminus of the city's central artery named the Street of the Dead by the later Aztecs. The Tlajinga district provides an opportune setting for examining issues of broad interest to social and behavioral sciences and represents a minimally explored portion of the city whose archaeological record is threatened by contemporary urbanization surrounding greater Mexico City. To date, only one of approximately 90 apartment compounds - the multi-family residential complexes of Teotihuacan - has been excavated. Research goals of the project scale from the level of the household to the level of the urbanization of the city as a whole. One household activity of particular interest is the production of obsidian blades - the utilitarian cutting implement of the period - in one compound, and its implications for the organization of markets and interregional exchange. This compound will be excavated and the obsidian acquisition, production, and distribution system will be analyzed technologically and geochemically. At the district level, a complex consisting of likely temples around a plaza will be studied for a better understanding of administrative and religious activities that connected neighborhoods and articulated them with the urban fabric of the multi-ethnic city. And at the level of the entire city, excavations at the unexplored southern Street of the Dead will address when it was established and the degree of centralization involved in this major act of urban planning. Research methods of the project include two seasons of horizontal excavations at three compounds and along the southern Street of the Dead; analysis of activity areas coupling floor-chemistry analyses and micromorphological studies; detailed materials analyses, including the technological sequence of obsidian-blade production; isotopic analysis of bones and geochemical analyses of artifacts; and extensive surface mapping and remote-sensing programs for neighborhood-scale spatial analyses. The project involves close collaboration between researchers from the US and Mexico as well as the training of undergraduate and graduate students from these two countries.

早期城市化的考古学为日益城市化的世界提供了深刻的历史背景。 大卫博士M. Carballo和Kenneth G. Hirth将指导一个为期三年的合作项目，该项目涉及墨西哥特奥蒂瓦坎古城的跨学科研究人员的国际团队。 在公元第一个千年早期的鼎盛时期，特奥蒂瓦坎是美洲最大的城市，也是世界上最大的城市之一。 今天，作为联合国教科文组织世界遗产和美洲最受欢迎的遗址，特奥蒂瓦坎引起了广大观众的极大兴趣。虽然特奥蒂瓦坎以其高水平的城市规划，国际化的人口和广泛的经济影响力而闻名，但这些问题需要在城市的未被充分研究的部分进行更深入的调查。 该项目的调查重点是特拉金加区，特奥蒂瓦坎南部的一个社区群，居住着城市人口中较低的社会经济阶层，是密集的实用工艺生产的所在地，被后来的阿兹特克人命名为死亡之街的城市中央动脉的终点一分为二。 Tlajinga区为研究社会和行为科学的广泛兴趣问题提供了一个合适的环境，代表了城市的一个最低限度的探索部分，其考古记录受到当代城市化的威胁。 迄今为止，在大约90个公寓大院中，只有一个-特奥蒂瓦坎的多户住宅大院-被挖掘出来。 该项目的研究目标从家庭层面扩展到整个城市的城市化层面。 一个特别有趣的家庭活动是在一个大院里生产黑曜石刀片--这一时期的实用切割工具--及其对市场组织和区域间交换的影响。 该化合物将被挖掘，黑曜石的采集，生产和分配系统将进行技术和地球化学分析。 在地区一级，将研究一个由广场周围可能的寺庙组成的综合体，以更好地了解连接社区的行政和宗教活动，并将其与多民族城市的城市结构联系起来。 在整个城市的层面上，在未经开发的南部死亡街的挖掘将解决它是何时建立的，以及这一重大城市规划行为所涉及的集中程度。该项目的研究方法包括在三个大院和沿着南部死亡街进行两个季度的水平挖掘;结合地面化学分析和微形态研究对活动区进行分析;详细的材料分析，包括黑曜石刀片生产的工艺顺序;骨骼的同位素分析和人工制品的地球化学分析;以及广泛的地表测绘和遥感方案，用于社区规模的空间分析。 该项目涉及来自美国和墨西哥的研究人员之间的密切合作，以及来自这两个国家的本科生和研究生的培训。