Collaborative Research: Urbanism, Neighborhood Organization, and Domestic Economy at the Tlajinga District, Teotihuacan, Mexico.

合作研究：墨西哥特奥蒂瓦坎特拉金加区的城市化、邻里组织和国内经济。

• 批准号: 1321247
• 负责人: David Carballo
• 金额: $ 18.82万
• 依托单位: Trustees of Boston University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-06-01 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1321247&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Urbanism; Neighborhood; Organization

The archaeology of early urbanism provides deep historical context for an increasingly urbanized world. Dr. David M. Carballo and Dr. Kenneth G. Hirth will direct a collaborative three-year project involving an international team of interdisciplinary researchers at the ancient city of Teotihuacan, Mexico. During its height in the early first millennium AD Teotihuacan was the largest city in the Americas and one of the largest in the world. Today, being a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the most visited ruins in the Americas, Teotihuacan is of great interest to a broad audience. Though Teotihuacan is famed for its high-level of civic planning, cosmopolitan populace, and broad economic reach, such issues require more intensive investigations within understudied portions of the city. Investigations of this project focus on the Tlajinga district, a cluster of neighborhoods to the south of Teotihuacan that was inhabited by a lower socioeconomic stratum of the city's populace, was the locus of intensive utilitarian craft production, and is bisected by the terminus of the city's central artery named the Street of the Dead by the later Aztecs. The Tlajinga district provides an opportune setting for examining issues of broad interest to social and behavioral sciences and represents a minimally explored portion of the city whose archaeological record is threatened by contemporary urbanization surrounding greater Mexico City. To date, only one of approximately 90 apartment compounds - the multi-family residential complexes of Teotihuacan - has been excavated. Research goals of the project scale from the level of the household to the level of the urbanization of the city as a whole. One household activity of particular interest is the production of obsidian blades - the utilitarian cutting implement of the period - in one compound, and its implications for the organization of markets and interregional exchange. This compound will be excavated and the obsidian acquisition, production, and distribution system will be analyzed technologically and geochemically. At the district level, a complex consisting of likely temples around a plaza will be studied for a better understanding of administrative and religious activities that connected neighborhoods and articulated them with the urban fabric of the multi-ethnic city. And at the level of the entire city, excavations at the unexplored southern Street of the Dead will address when it was established and the degree of centralization involved in this major act of urban planning. Research methods of the project include two seasons of horizontal excavations at three compounds and along the southern Street of the Dead; analysis of activity areas coupling floor-chemistry analyses and micromorphological studies; detailed materials analyses, including the technological sequence of obsidian-blade production; isotopic analysis of bones and geochemical analyses of artifacts; and extensive surface mapping and remote-sensing programs for neighborhood-scale spatial analyses. The project involves close collaboration between researchers from the US and Mexico as well as the training of undergraduate and graduate students from these two countries.

早期城市化的考古学为日益城市化的世界提供了深厚的历史背景。 David M. Carballo 博士和 Kenneth G. Hirth 博士将指导一个为期三年的合作项目，该项目涉及墨西哥古城特奥蒂瓦坎的跨学科研究人员国际团队。 在公元第一个千年初期的鼎盛时期，特奥蒂瓦坎是美洲最大的城市，也是世界上最大的城市之一。 如今，特奥蒂瓦坎作为联合国教科文组织世界遗产和美洲参观人数最多的遗址，引起了广大观众的极大兴趣。尽管特奥蒂瓦坎以其高水平的城市规划、国际化的人口和广泛的经济影响力而闻名，但这些问题需要在该市未被充分研究的部分进行更深入的调查。 该项目的调查重点是特拉金加区，这是特奥蒂瓦坎南部的一个社区群，居住着该市较低社会经济阶层的居民，是密集的实用工艺品生产的所在地，并被后来的阿兹特克人命名为“死亡之街”的城市中央干道的终点站一分为二。 特拉金加区为研究社会和行为科学广泛关注的问题提供了有利的环境，并且代表了城市中探索程度最低的部分，其考古记录受到大墨西哥城周边当代城市化的威胁。 迄今为止，大约 90 个公寓小区中的一处——特奥蒂瓦坎的多户住宅小区——已被挖掘。 项目研究目标规模从家庭层面到城市整体城镇化水平。 一项特别令人感兴趣的家庭活动是在一个院落中生产黑曜石刀片（当时的实用切割工具），及其对市场组织和区域间交换的影响。 该化合物将被挖掘，并对黑曜石采集、生产和分配系统进行技术和地球化学分析。 在地区层面，将研究由围绕广场的寺庙组成的综合体，以便更好地了解连接社区并将其与多民族城市的城市结构联系起来的行政和宗教活动。 在整个城市的层面上，对未开发的南部死亡街的发掘将揭示它的建立时间以及这一重大城市规划行为所涉及的集中程度。该项目的研究方法包括在三个大院和沿死亡街南部进行两个季节的水平挖掘；结合地板化学分析和微形态研究的活动区域分析；详细的材料分析，包括黑曜石刀片生产的技术顺序；骨骼的同位素分析和文物的地球化学分析；以及用于邻里尺度空间分析的广泛的表面测绘和遥感项目。 该项目涉及美国和墨西哥研究人员之间的密切合作以及对这两个国家的本科生和研究生的培训。