Collaborative Research: Worker Insecurity and the Institutionalization of Part Time Work

合作研究：工人的不安全感和兼职工作的制度化

• 批准号: 1324019
• 负责人: Jeffrey Dixon
• 金额: $ 4.39万
• 依托单位: College of the Holy Cross
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-15 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1324019&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Worker; Insecurity; Institutionalization

SES-1324000 PI: Andrew FullertonOklahoma State UniversitySES-1324019PI: Jeffrey DixonHoly Cross CollegePart-time work is an important potential source of insecurity that workers around the world face, but it is understudied in the context of worker insecurity, partly because of the cross-national variation in the meanings and measurements of part-time work. This project examines the relationship between part-time work and several forms of perceived worker insecurity, including the perceived threat of job loss in the near future, worries about the threat of job loss, and the perceived difficulty of finding a comparable job in the labor market. Focusing on multiple levels of analysis, this project asks: Do part-time workers feel more insecure than full-time workers? Does this vary by country? At the country level, what is the relationship between the size of the part-time workforce and average levels of insecurity? Based on individual-level data from the 2005 International Social Survey Program (ISSP) Work Orientations III module linked to macro-level data, preliminary results reveal that workers in part-time jobs feel more insecure than workers in full-time jobs, all else equal. However, the size of the part-time gap in worker insecurity varies substantially across countries, and countries with higher rates of part-time work tend to have lower levels of average worker insecurity. To account for these seemingly contradictory findings, the investigators develop a model of the "institutionalization of part-time work," which refers to the creation and perpetuation of scripts and shared rules that guide decisions and actions regarding employers' use of part-time work. Using this framework, the research hypothesizes that the gap in perceived worker insecurity between part-time and full-time workers will be smallest in countries in which part-time work has been institutionalized to such a degree that: A) a substantial number of men work part-time (even if most part-time workers are women), B) part-time workers have the same legal protections and benefits as full-time workers, C) most part-time workers are employed in those positions voluntarily, and D) part-time work is not concentrated in low-wage occupations. This model will be tested with ISSP and other survey data linked to macro-level data, including a country-level dataset that will contain aggregate measures of part-time work and other labor market characteristics for more than 50 countries and several time points between 2000 and 2010. Broader ImpactsThe knowledge gained from this study about the sources of perceived worker insecurity has important implications for scholars and policy makers concerned with the consequences of part-time and other forms of non-standard work on workers' health, families, and communities. The results will also bear on debates about "flexicurity" policies in parts of Europe, which are intended to reconcile employer preferences for flexible work arrangements (such as part-time work) with employment security for workers. Furthermore, the new country-level dataset will be made available to interested scholars, teachers, and researchers to examine part-time work and other types of non-standard work. These data can also be supplemented with other macro- or micro-level data to examine other socioeconomic outcomes. Additionally, this project will involve undergraduate and graduate students who have an interest in quantitative methods of research, comparative sociology, and work and occupations, and the researchers will seek assistants who will help in each stage of this project and gain valuable research skills as a result. Finally, the principal investigators will produce several presentations and scholarly publications based on this project.

SES-1324000 PI：安德鲁·富勒顿俄克拉荷马州立大学SES-1324019PI：杰弗里·迪克森圣十字学院兼职工作是世界各地工人面临的一个重要的潜在不安全感来源，但在工人不安全的背景下对其研究不足，部分原因是兼职工作的含义和衡量标准存在跨国差异。该项目考察了兼职工作与工人感受到的几种形式的不安全感之间的关系，包括感觉到的近期失业的威胁，对失业威胁的担忧，以及感觉到在劳动力市场找到类似工作的困难。这个项目着眼于多个层面的分析，提出了一个问题：兼职员工是否比全职员工更没有安全感？这会因国家而异吗？在国家一级，兼职劳动力的规模与平均不安全程度之间有什么关系？根据2005年国际社会调查方案(ISSP)工作定位III模块与宏观数据相联系的个人一级数据，初步结果显示，在其他条件相同的情况下，从事兼职工作的工人比从事全职工作的工人更感到没有安全感。然而，工人不安全的兼职差距在不同国家有很大不同，兼职工作比率较高的国家平均工人不安全程度往往较低。为了解释这些看似相互矛盾的发现，调查人员开发了一个“兼职工作制度化”的模型，指的是创建和延续指导雇主使用兼职工作的决定和行动的脚本和共享规则。利用这一框架，研究假设，在非全日制工作制度化到以下程度的国家，非全日制工人和全日制工人之间感觉到的工人不安全感的差距将最小：a)大量男性从事非全日制工作(即使大多数非全日制工人是女性)，B)非全日制工人享有与全职工人相同的法律保护和福利，C)大多数非全日制工人自愿受雇于这些职位，以及D)非全日制工作并不集中在低薪职业中。这一模型将用ISSP和其他与宏观数据链接的调查数据进行测试，包括一个国家一级的数据集，其中将包含2000年至2010年期间50多个国家和几个时间点的兼职工作和其他劳动力市场特征的综合衡量标准。更广泛的影响从这项研究中获得的关于感知到的工人不安全感来源的知识，对于关注兼职和其他形式的非标准工作对工人健康、家庭和社区的影响的学者和政策制定者具有重要影响。这一结果还将影响欧洲部分地区有关“灵活保障”政策的辩论，这些政策旨在调和雇主对灵活工作安排(如非全日制工作)的偏好与工人的就业保障。此外，新的国家级数据集将提供给感兴趣的学者、教师和研究人员，以审查兼职工作和其他类型的非标准工作。这些数据还可以与其他宏观或微观层面的数据相辅相成，以检查其他社会经济成果。此外，这个项目将涉及对定量研究方法、比较社会学以及工作和职业感兴趣的本科生和研究生，研究人员将寻找在该项目每个阶段提供帮助的助手，并因此获得宝贵的研究技能。最后，主要调查人员将根据这一项目制作几份专题介绍和学术出版物。