Doctoral Dissertation Research: R&D Agglomeration

博士论文研究：R

• 批准号: 1324282
• 负责人: Gerald Marschke
• 金额: $ 1.5万
• 依托单位: National Bureau of Economic Research Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-15 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1324282&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; R& Agglomeration

This project will explore the prevalence of Silicon Valley-type clustering in industrial R&D activity in the U.S. By assembling a comprehensive and detailed dataset on U.S. R&D-performing establishments whose activities aggregated to the regional level, it will generate the first systematic, geographical mapping of U.S. industrial R&D. In addition to documenting the relative importance of Silicon Valley-style R&D agglomeration, the project will evaluate the determinants of the spatial distribution of R&D activity. Specifically, the project will empirically estimate what factors raise or lower the likelihood that a firm locates its R&D facilities in a particular region. The factors examined will include the presence of other establishments and firms performing R&D, the presence of the firm's manufacturing establishments, proximity to research universities, access to highly-educated and highly-specialized labor markets, and a region's intellectual property and tax policies. A specific focus of the project will be the relationship between R&D and manufacturing. Some types of R&D are not easily disassociated from the manufacturing process and this has led in these instances to the co-location of R&D and manufacturing. Because this project will document the evolution of the spatial distribution of R&D activities over the last three decades, it will shed light on how the off-shoring of the U.S. manufacturing industry has affected U.S. comparative advantage in R&D. Broader impacts: This project will generate the first, systematic geographical mapping of U.S. industrial R&D using the Census-NSF Survey of Industrial R&D (SIRD) and in its successor survey the Business R&D and Innovation Survey (BRDIS). This project will increase our understanding of how R&D in the U.S. is organized, and in particular the importance of agglomeration in R&D, of co-location of R&D and manufacturing, of geographically-mediated spillovers among R&D establishments and between research universities and industrial R&D, and of intellectual property considerations. In addition, the results of this project will contribute to a wide range of policy discussions, including discussions of regional and national growth policy, industrial policy, intellectual property law, university research and its public funding, and the impact of higher education on the economy.

本项目将探讨美国产业R D活动中硅谷式集群的普遍性。通过对美国从事R D活动的企业进行全面而详细的数据收集，并将其活动汇总到区域水平，将首次生成美国产业R D的系统地理地图。 除了记录硅谷式研发集聚的相对重要性外，该项目还将评估研发活动空间分布的决定因素。 具体而言，该项目将经验性地估计哪些因素提高或降低公司将其研发设施设在特定地区的可能性。 考察的因素包括其他从事研发的机构和企业的存在、企业的制造机构的存在、与研究型大学的接近程度、进入高教育和高度专业化的劳动力市场的机会、以及一个地区的知识产权和税收政策。 该项目的一个具体重点将是研发和制造之间的关系。有些类型的研发与制造过程不容易分开，这在这些情况下导致了研发和制造的共同地点。 由于本项目将记录30年来研发活动的空间分布的演变，因此将揭示美国制造业的离岸外包如何影响美国的研发比较优势。 更广泛的影响：该项目将利用Census-NSF工业研发调查（SIRD）及其后续调查商业研发和创新调查（BRDIS），生成第一个系统的美国工业研发地理图。 本项目将加深对美国R D组织方式的理解，特别是R D的集聚、R D与制造业的共同定位、R D机构之间、研究型大学与产业R D之间的地理溢出效应以及知识产权问题的重要性。 此外，该项目的成果将有助于广泛的政策讨论，包括区域和国家增长政策、产业政策、知识产权法、大学研究及其公共资金以及高等教育对经济的影响的讨论。